Monitoring of heat-induced carcinogenic compounds (3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters and glycidyl esters) in fries. 2020

Yu Hua Wong, and Kok Ming Goh, and Kar Lin Nyam, and Ling Zhi Cheong, and Yong Wang, and Imededdine Arbi Nehdi, and Lamjed Mansour, and Chin Ping Tan
Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43300, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia.

3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) esters and glycidyl esters (GE) are heat-induced contaminants which form during oil refining process, particularly at the high temperature deodorization stage. It is worth to investigate the content of 3-MCPD and GE in fries which also involved high temperature. The content of 3-MCPD esters and GE were monitored in fries. The factors that been chosen were temperature and duration of frying, and different concentration of salt (NaCl). The results in our study showed that the effect was in the order of concentration of sodium chloride < frying duration < frying temperature. The content of 3-MCPD esters was significantly increased whereas GE was significantly decreased, when prolong the frying duration. A high temperature results in a high 3-MCPD ester level but a low GE level in fries. The present of salt had contributed significant influence to the generation of 3-MCPD. The soaking of potato chips in salt showed no significant effect on the level of GE during the frying. The oil oxidation tests showed that all the fries were below the safety limit. Hence, the frying cycle, temperature and the added salt to carbohydrate-based food during frying should be monitored.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D010938 Plant Oils Oils derived from plants or plant products. Oils, Plant,Oils, Vegetable,Plant Oil,Vegetable Oil,Vegetable Oils,Oil, Plant,Oil, Vegetable
D002273 Carcinogens Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included. Carcinogen,Oncogen,Oncogens,Tumor Initiator,Tumor Initiators,Tumor Promoter,Tumor Promoters,Initiator, Tumor,Initiators, Tumor,Promoter, Tumor,Promoters, Tumor
D003296 Cooking The art or practice of preparing food. It includes the preparation of special foods for diets in various diseases. Cookery
D004952 Esters Compounds derived from organic or inorganic acids in which at least one hydroxyl group is replaced by an –O-alkyl or another organic group. They can be represented by the structure formula RCOOR’ and are usually formed by the reaction between an acid and an alcohol with elimination of water. Ester
D005504 Food Analysis Measurement and evaluation of the components of substances to be taken as FOOD. Analysis, Food,Analyses, Food,Food Analyses
D005506 Food Contamination The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage. Food Adulteration,Adulteration, Food,Adulterations, Food,Contamination, Food,Contaminations, Food,Food Adulterations,Food Contaminations
D005511 Food Handling Any aspect of the operations in the preparation, processing, transport, storage, packaging, wrapping, exposure for sale, service, or delivery of food. Food Processing,Handling, Food,Processing, Food
D006358 Hot Temperature Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm. Heat,Hot Temperatures,Temperature, Hot,Temperatures, Hot
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000517 alpha-Chlorohydrin A chlorinated PROPANEDIOL with antifertility activity in males used as a chemosterilant in rodents. alpha-Chlorhydrin,3-Chloro-1,2-propanediol,3-Chloropropanediol,3-MCPD,3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol,Glycerol alpha-Monochlorohydrin,U-5897,3 Chloro 1,2 propanediol,3 Chloropropanediol,3 Monochloropropane 1,2 diol,Glycerol alpha Monochlorohydrin,U 5897,U5897,alpha Chlorhydrin,alpha Chlorohydrin,alpha-Monochlorohydrin, Glycerol

Related Publications

Yu Hua Wong, and Kok Ming Goh, and Kar Lin Nyam, and Ling Zhi Cheong, and Yong Wang, and Imededdine Arbi Nehdi, and Lamjed Mansour, and Chin Ping Tan
June 2016, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,
Yu Hua Wong, and Kok Ming Goh, and Kar Lin Nyam, and Ling Zhi Cheong, and Yong Wang, and Imededdine Arbi Nehdi, and Lamjed Mansour, and Chin Ping Tan
October 2021, Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment,
Yu Hua Wong, and Kok Ming Goh, and Kar Lin Nyam, and Ling Zhi Cheong, and Yong Wang, and Imededdine Arbi Nehdi, and Lamjed Mansour, and Chin Ping Tan
January 2022, Critical reviews in food science and nutrition,
Yu Hua Wong, and Kok Ming Goh, and Kar Lin Nyam, and Ling Zhi Cheong, and Yong Wang, and Imededdine Arbi Nehdi, and Lamjed Mansour, and Chin Ping Tan
November 2021, Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety,
Yu Hua Wong, and Kok Ming Goh, and Kar Lin Nyam, and Ling Zhi Cheong, and Yong Wang, and Imededdine Arbi Nehdi, and Lamjed Mansour, and Chin Ping Tan
June 2011, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,
Yu Hua Wong, and Kok Ming Goh, and Kar Lin Nyam, and Ling Zhi Cheong, and Yong Wang, and Imededdine Arbi Nehdi, and Lamjed Mansour, and Chin Ping Tan
June 2019, Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands),
Yu Hua Wong, and Kok Ming Goh, and Kar Lin Nyam, and Ling Zhi Cheong, and Yong Wang, and Imededdine Arbi Nehdi, and Lamjed Mansour, and Chin Ping Tan
January 2018, Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny,
Yu Hua Wong, and Kok Ming Goh, and Kar Lin Nyam, and Ling Zhi Cheong, and Yong Wang, and Imededdine Arbi Nehdi, and Lamjed Mansour, and Chin Ping Tan
January 2024, Food chemistry,
Yu Hua Wong, and Kok Ming Goh, and Kar Lin Nyam, and Ling Zhi Cheong, and Yong Wang, and Imededdine Arbi Nehdi, and Lamjed Mansour, and Chin Ping Tan
October 2023, Heliyon,
Yu Hua Wong, and Kok Ming Goh, and Kar Lin Nyam, and Ling Zhi Cheong, and Yong Wang, and Imededdine Arbi Nehdi, and Lamjed Mansour, and Chin Ping Tan
March 2020, Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment,
Copied contents to your clipboard!