OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of factors affecting depth perception of moving objects using a modified three-rods test, which can be used at longer distances than the conventional one, and to compare differences in the results between binocular and monocular vision. METHODS This study included 24 volunteers (10 women, 14 men; mean age, 35.2 years; standard deviation, 6.8 years; range, 22-56 years). We measured depth perception using a modified three-rods test under eight different conditions and investigated the factors affecting depth perception using a linear-effect model. RESULTS The results identified test distance, binocularity, masking, and direction of movement as significant factors affecting depth perception of a moving object. CONCLUSIONS The current study successfully determined factors affecting depth perception using the three-rods test with a moving object and the results should contribute to further clinical and social applications of the three-rods test.