The protective effect of aspirin-triggered lipoxin (ATL) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and its possible mechanisms were explored. To induce acute renal injury, mice were treated with LPS. Concentration of serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was detected, and inflammatory cytokines and AKI biomarkers were determined by ELISA. The relative protein expression levels of TLR4/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/NF-κB signal pathway was assessed by Western blot. Mice subjected to LPS (4 mg/kg) treatment exhibited AKI demonstrated by markedly increased SCr and BUN levels compared with controls (P <0.01). Treatment with ATL decreased SCr and BUN levels after LPS injection (P <0.01). AKI biomarkers, such as urine NGAL, KIM-1, netrin-1, and L-FABP levels, increased by LPS and were inhibited by ATL (P <0.01). ATL also reduced LPS-induced secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 (P <0.01). Furthermore, mice pretreated with ATL before exposure to LPS showed a reduction in TLR, MyD88, and p65 phosphorylation (P <0.01), which are the key factors of the TLR/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. These results indicated that ATL had protective effects on renal function and showed amelioration of LPS-induced kidney injury. The mechanisms underlying the protective effects of ATL can be considered are related to attenuation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.