Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Diabetes Mellitus: Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption, Pathophysiology and Cognitive Impairments. 2021

Ghaith A Bahadar, and Zahoor A Shah
Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo OH 43614, United States.

There is a surge in diabetes incidence, with an estimated 463 million individuals been diagnosed worldwide. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major stroke-related comorbid condition that increases the susceptibility of disabling post-stroke outcomes. Although less common, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most dramatic subtype of stroke associated with higher mortality, particularly in the DM population. Previous studies have focused mainly on the impact of DM on ischemic stroke. Few studies have focused on the impact of DM on ICH and discussed the blood- -brain barrier disruption, brain edema, and hematoma formation. However, more recently, investigating the role of oxidative damage and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production in preclinical studies involving DM-ICH animal models has gained attention. But, little is known about the correlation between neuroinflammatory processes, glial cells activation, and peripheral immune cell invasion with DM-ICH injury. DM and ICH patients experience impaired abilities in multiple cognitive domains by relatively comparable mechanisms, which could get exacerbated in the setting of comorbidities. In this review, we discuss both the pathology of DM as a comorbid condition for ICH and the potential molecular therapeutic targets for the clinical management of the ICH and its recovery.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D001812 Blood-Brain Barrier Specialized non-fenestrated tightly-joined ENDOTHELIAL CELLS with TIGHT JUNCTIONS that form a transport barrier for certain substances between the cerebral capillaries and the BRAIN tissue. Brain-Blood Barrier,Hemato-Encephalic Barrier,Barrier, Blood-Brain,Barrier, Brain-Blood,Barrier, Hemato-Encephalic,Barriers, Blood-Brain,Barriers, Brain-Blood,Barriers, Hemato-Encephalic,Blood Brain Barrier,Blood-Brain Barriers,Brain Blood Barrier,Brain-Blood Barriers,Hemato Encephalic Barrier,Hemato-Encephalic Barriers
D002543 Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral,Cerebral Parenchymal Hemorrhage,Hemorrhage, Cerebral,Intracerebral Hemorrhage,Hemorrhage, Cerebrum,Brain Hemorrhages, Cerebral,Cerebral Brain Hemorrhage,Cerebral Brain Hemorrhages,Cerebral Hemorrhages,Cerebral Parenchymal Hemorrhages,Cerebrum Hemorrhage,Cerebrum Hemorrhages,Hemorrhage, Cerebral Brain,Hemorrhage, Cerebral Parenchymal,Hemorrhage, Intracerebral,Hemorrhages, Cerebral,Hemorrhages, Cerebral Brain,Hemorrhages, Cerebral Parenchymal,Hemorrhages, Cerebrum,Hemorrhages, Intracerebral,Intracerebral Hemorrhages,Parenchymal Hemorrhage, Cerebral,Parenchymal Hemorrhages, Cerebral
D003920 Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.
D004195 Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. Animal Disease Model,Animal Disease Models,Disease Model, Animal
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D017382 Reactive Oxygen Species Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. These reactive oxygen intermediates include SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDES; PEROXIDES; HYDROXYL RADICAL; and HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of PHAGOCYTES, regulation of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION and GENE EXPRESSION, and the oxidative damage to NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS. Active Oxygen Species,Oxygen Radical,Oxygen Radicals,Pro-Oxidant,Reactive Oxygen Intermediates,Active Oxygen,Oxygen Species, Reactive,Pro-Oxidants,Oxygen, Active,Pro Oxidant,Pro Oxidants,Radical, Oxygen
D060825 Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function. Cognitive Disorder,Mild Cognitive Impairment,Cognitive Decline,Cognitive Impairments,Mental Deterioration,Cognitive Declines,Cognitive Disorders,Cognitive Dysfunctions,Cognitive Impairment,Cognitive Impairment, Mild,Cognitive Impairments, Mild,Decline, Cognitive,Declines, Cognitive,Deterioration, Mental,Deteriorations, Mental,Disorder, Cognitive,Disorders, Cognitive,Dysfunction, Cognitive,Dysfunctions, Cognitive,Impairment, Cognitive,Impairment, Mild Cognitive,Impairments, Cognitive,Impairments, Mild Cognitive,Mental Deteriorations,Mild Cognitive Impairments
D018384 Oxidative Stress A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi). Anti-oxidative Stress,Antioxidative Stress,DNA Oxidative Damage,Nitro-Oxidative Stress,Oxidative Cleavage,Oxidative DNA Damage,Oxidative Damage,Oxidative Injury,Oxidative Nitrative Stress,Oxidative Stress Injury,Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress,Stress, Oxidative,Anti oxidative Stress,Anti-oxidative Stresses,Antioxidative Stresses,Cleavage, Oxidative,DNA Damage, Oxidative,DNA Oxidative Damages,Damage, DNA Oxidative,Damage, Oxidative,Damage, Oxidative DNA,Injury, Oxidative,Injury, Oxidative Stress,Nitrative Stress, Oxidative,Nitro Oxidative Stress,Nitro-Oxidative Stresses,Oxidative Cleavages,Oxidative DNA Damages,Oxidative Damage, DNA,Oxidative Damages,Oxidative Injuries,Oxidative Nitrative Stresses,Oxidative Stress Injuries,Oxidative Stresses,Stress Injury, Oxidative,Stress, Anti-oxidative,Stress, Antioxidative,Stress, Nitro-Oxidative,Stress, Oxidative Nitrative,Stresses, Nitro-Oxidative

Related Publications

Ghaith A Bahadar, and Zahoor A Shah
January 2014, Fluids and barriers of the CNS,
Ghaith A Bahadar, and Zahoor A Shah
October 2014, Neurobiology of disease,
Ghaith A Bahadar, and Zahoor A Shah
January 2012, The American journal of Chinese medicine,
Ghaith A Bahadar, and Zahoor A Shah
January 2008, Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement,
Ghaith A Bahadar, and Zahoor A Shah
January 2011, Cardiovascular psychiatry and neurology,
Ghaith A Bahadar, and Zahoor A Shah
December 2006, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology,
Copied contents to your clipboard!