Affordable compensator for IMRT delivery designed for low-and-middle income countries, a Monte Carlo study. 2021

Dolla Toomeh, and Sherif M Gadoue, and Nicholas Fong, and G V Subrahmanyam, and K Govindarajan, and Eric C Ford
University of Washington, Department of Radiation Oncology, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Miami, Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami, FL, USA. Electronic address: dtoomeh@gmail.com.

We propose a novel cost-effective compensator that can be used to facilitate access to IMRT in low-and-middle income countries. The compensator has the advantages of simplicity, less downtime, increased reliability and less impact on treatment quality from patient motion during treatment. Moreover, the system can be used with either a cobalt-60 unit or linear accelerator. In this Monte Carlo study, the dosimetric properties of the new compensator design have been evaluated. Results were obtained for different field sizes of cobalt teletherapy machine, and the dose was scored at 0.5 cm depth in a water phantom. The effects of compensator thickness, filling material type and shape, and field size were identified. Furthermore, the percentage depth dose and beam profiles for various field sizes and at different depths were obtained. Beam profiles show no significant signature of the beads relative to a solid compensator; in addition, they exhibit a better flatness while preserving symmetry for all field sizes. A reusable bead-based compensator appears to be feasible, and provides dose distribution similar to a solid compensator with low cost and no hazards. Our results avail the ongoing efforts to expand the reach to IMRT in low- and middle-income countries.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009010 Monte Carlo Method In statistics, a technique for numerically approximating the solution of a mathematical problem by studying the distribution of some random variable, often generated by a computer. The name alludes to the randomness characteristic of the games of chance played at the gambling casinos in Monte Carlo. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, 1993) Method, Monte Carlo
D011874 Radiometry The measurement of radiation by photography, as in x-ray film and film badge, by Geiger-Mueller tube, and by SCINTILLATION COUNTING. Geiger-Mueller Counters,Nuclear Track Detection,Radiation Dosimetry,Dosimetry, Radiation,Geiger Counter,Geiger-Mueller Counter Tube,Geiger-Mueller Probe,Geiger-Mueller Tube,Radiation Counter,Counter Tube, Geiger-Mueller,Counter Tubes, Geiger-Mueller,Counter, Geiger,Counter, Radiation,Counters, Geiger,Counters, Geiger-Mueller,Counters, Radiation,Detection, Nuclear Track,Dosimetries, Radiation,Geiger Counters,Geiger Mueller Counter Tube,Geiger Mueller Counters,Geiger Mueller Probe,Geiger Mueller Tube,Geiger-Mueller Counter Tubes,Geiger-Mueller Probes,Geiger-Mueller Tubes,Probe, Geiger-Mueller,Probes, Geiger-Mueller,Radiation Counters,Radiation Dosimetries,Tube, Geiger-Mueller,Tube, Geiger-Mueller Counter,Tubes, Geiger-Mueller,Tubes, Geiger-Mueller Counter
D011879 Radiotherapy Dosage The total amount of radiation absorbed by tissues as a result of radiotherapy. Dosage, Radiotherapy,Dosages, Radiotherapy,Radiotherapy Dosages
D003906 Developing Countries Countries in the process of change with economic growth, that is, an increase in production, per capita consumption, and income. The process of economic growth involves better utilization of natural and human resources, which results in a change in the social, political, and economic structures. LMICs,Less-Developed Countries,Low Income Countries,Low and Middle Income Countries,Lower-Middle-Income Country,Middle Income Countries,Third-World Countries,Under-Developed Countries,Developing Nations,Least Developed Countries,Less-Developed Nations,Third-World Nations,Under-Developed Nations,Countries, Middle Income,Countries, Third-World,Country, Least Developed,Country, Less-Developed,Country, Low Income,Country, Lower-Middle-Income,Country, Middle Income,Country, Third-World,Country, Under-Developed,Developed Country, Least,Developing Country,Developing Nation,Least Developed Country,Less Developed Countries,Less Developed Nations,Less-Developed Country,Less-Developed Nation,Low Income Country,Lower Middle Income Country,Lower-Middle-Income Countries,Middle Income Country,Nation, Less-Developed,Nation, Third-World,Nation, Under-Developed,Third World Countries,Third World Nations,Third-World Country,Third-World Nation,Under Developed Countries,Under Developed Nations,Under-Developed Country,Under-Developed Nation
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D015203 Reproducibility of Results The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results. Reliability and Validity,Reliability of Result,Reproducibility Of Result,Reproducibility of Finding,Validity of Result,Validity of Results,Face Validity,Reliability (Epidemiology),Reliability of Results,Reproducibility of Findings,Test-Retest Reliability,Validity (Epidemiology),Finding Reproducibilities,Finding Reproducibility,Of Result, Reproducibility,Of Results, Reproducibility,Reliabilities, Test-Retest,Reliability, Test-Retest,Result Reliabilities,Result Reliability,Result Validities,Result Validity,Result, Reproducibility Of,Results, Reproducibility Of,Test Retest Reliability,Validity and Reliability,Validity, Face
D050397 Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated CONFORMAL RADIOTHERAPY that combines several intensity-modulated beams to provide improved dose homogeneity and highly conformal dose distributions. Helical Tomotherapy,Intensity-Modulated Arc Therapy,Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy,Arc Therapies, Intensity-Modulated,Arc Therapies, Volumetric-Modulated,Arc Therapy, Intensity-Modulated,Arc Therapy, Volumetric-Modulated,Helical Tomotherapies,Intensity Modulated Arc Therapy,Intensity-Modulated Arc Therapies,Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapies,Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy,Radiotherapies, Intensity-Modulated,Radiotherapy, Intensity Modulated,Therapies, Intensity-Modulated Arc,Therapies, Volumetric-Modulated Arc,Therapy, Intensity-Modulated Arc,Therapy, Volumetric-Modulated Arc,Tomotherapies, Helical,Tomotherapy, Helical,Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy,Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapies

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