A systematic review synthesizing studies examining the determinants of dental service use drawing on the (extended) Andersen model is lacking. Hence, our purpose was to fill this knowledge gap; Methods: Three established electronic databases (PubMed, PsycInfo, as well as CINAHL) were searched. Observational studies focusing on the determinants of dental service use drawing on the Andersen model were included; Results: In sum, 41 studies have been included (ten studies investigating children/adolescents and 31 studies investigating adults). Among children, particularly higher age (predisposing characteristic), higher income (enabling resource) and more oral health problems (need factor) were associated with increased dental service use. Among adults, findings are, in general, less consistent. However, it should be noted that one half of the studies found an association between increased education (predisposing characteristic) and increased dental service. In general, study quality was rather high. However, it should be noted that most studies did not report how they dealt with missing data; Conclusions: Our systematic review revealed that all components (i.e., predisposing characteristics, enabling resources and need factors) of the Andersen model tend to be associated with dental service use among children, whereas the findings are more mixed among adults. In conclusion, beyond need factors, dental service use also tend to be driven by other factors. This may indicate over-or, more likely-underuse of dental services and could enrich the inequality discussion in dental services research.