Effects of bisphenol S and bisphenol F on human spermatozoa: An in vitro study. 2021

Chiara Castellini, and Noemi Di Giammarco, and Settimio D'Andrea, and Antonio Parisi, and Maria Totaro, and Sandro Francavilla, and Felice Francavilla, and Arcangelo Barbonetti
Andrology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.

Bisphenol A (BPA), the main chemical monomer of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics, has generated concerns about its endocrine disruptor properties, along with the reported possible links with several human health disorders. Accordingly, some restrictions on its use have been recommended. Bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) are the main replacements to BPA, with which they share homologies in chemical structure. However, to date, little is known about their possible adverse effects for human reproduction. As the in vitro exposure of human spermatozoa to BPA induces oxidative/pro-apoptotic effects, the aim of the present study was to verify whether BPS and BPF could represent safer compounds for human sperm functions. The exposure of motile sperm suspensions to scalar concentrations of BPS or BPF for 4 h did not significantly reduce sperm motility (as assessed by computer-aided semen analysis) and viability. At flow cytometry, no changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, or mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species were detected by using the JC-1 and MitoSOX red probes, respectively. Interestingly, it nor even the combination of both BPS and BPF at the highest concentrations impaired sperm mitochondrial functions. In conclusion, BPS and BPF seem to be safer alternatives to BPA for sperm biology, as they do not affect mitochondrial functions, sperm motility and viability. These findings could help regulatory agencies to identify more secure chemicals to replace BPA in industrial production of plastics.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D008928 Mitochondria Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed) Mitochondrial Contraction,Mitochondrion,Contraction, Mitochondrial,Contractions, Mitochondrial,Mitochondrial Contractions
D010636 Phenols Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure.
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D001559 Benzhydryl Compounds Compounds which contain the methyl radical substituted with two benzene rings. Permitted are any substituents, but ring fusion to any of the benzene rings is not allowed. Diphenylmethyl Compounds,Compounds, Benzhydryl,Compounds, Diphenylmethyl
D013081 Sperm Motility Movement characteristics of SPERMATOZOA in a fresh specimen. It is measured as the percentage of sperms that are moving, and as the percentage of sperms with productive flagellar motion such as rapid, linear, and forward progression. Motilities, Sperm,Motility, Sperm,Sperm Motilities
D013094 Spermatozoa Mature male germ cells derived from SPERMATIDS. As spermatids move toward the lumen of the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES, they undergo extensive structural changes including the loss of cytoplasm, condensation of CHROMATIN into the SPERM HEAD, formation of the ACROSOME cap, the SPERM MIDPIECE and the SPERM TAIL that provides motility. Sperm,Spermatozoon,X-Bearing Sperm,X-Chromosome-Bearing Sperm,Y-Bearing Sperm,Y-Chromosome-Bearing Sperm,Sperm, X-Bearing,Sperm, X-Chromosome-Bearing,Sperm, Y-Bearing,Sperm, Y-Chromosome-Bearing,Sperms, X-Bearing,Sperms, X-Chromosome-Bearing,Sperms, Y-Bearing,Sperms, Y-Chromosome-Bearing,X Bearing Sperm,X Chromosome Bearing Sperm,X-Bearing Sperms,X-Chromosome-Bearing Sperms,Y Bearing Sperm,Y Chromosome Bearing Sperm,Y-Bearing Sperms,Y-Chromosome-Bearing Sperms
D013450 Sulfones Sulfone
D017382 Reactive Oxygen Species Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. These reactive oxygen intermediates include SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDES; PEROXIDES; HYDROXYL RADICAL; and HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of PHAGOCYTES, regulation of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION and GENE EXPRESSION, and the oxidative damage to NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS. Active Oxygen Species,Oxygen Radical,Oxygen Radicals,Pro-Oxidant,Reactive Oxygen Intermediates,Active Oxygen,Oxygen Species, Reactive,Pro-Oxidants,Oxygen, Active,Pro Oxidant,Pro Oxidants,Radical, Oxygen
D052244 Endocrine Disruptors Exogenous agents, synthetic and naturally occurring, which are capable of disrupting the functions of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM including the maintenance of HOMEOSTASIS and the regulation of developmental processes. Endocrine disruptors are compounds that can mimic HORMONES, or enhance or block the binding of hormones to their receptors, or otherwise lead to activating or inhibiting the endocrine signaling pathways and hormone metabolism. Endocrine Disrupting Chemical,Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals,Endocrine Disruptor,Endocrine Disruptor Effect,Endocrine Disruptor Effects,Chemical, Endocrine Disrupting,Chemicals, Endocrine Disrupting,Disrupting Chemical, Endocrine,Disruptor Effect, Endocrine,Disruptor Effects, Endocrine,Disruptor, Endocrine,Disruptors, Endocrine,Effect, Endocrine Disruptor,Effects, Endocrine Disruptor

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