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Immunity elicited by natural infection or Ad26.COV2.S vaccination protects hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. 2021
Lisa H Tostanoski, and
Jingyou Yu, and
Noe B Mercado, and
Katherine McMahan, and
Catherine Jacob-Dolan, and
Amanda J Martinot, and
Cesar Piedra-Mora, and
Tochi Anioke, and
Aiquan Chang, and
Victoria M Giffin, and
David L Hope, and
Huahua Wan, and
Esther A Bondzie, and
Shant H Mahrokhian, and
Linda M Wrijil, and
Katherine Bauer, and
Laurent Pessaint, and
Maciel Porto, and
Joseph Piegols, and
Andrew Faudree, and
Brittany Spence, and
Swagata Kar, and
Fatima Amanat, and
Florian Krammer, and
Hanne Andersen, and
Mark G Lewis, and
Frank Wegmann, and
Roland Zahn, and
Hanneke Schuitemaker, and
Dan H Barouch
Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern have emerged and may pose a threat to both the efficacy of vaccines based on the original WA1/2020 strain and the natural immunity induced by infection with earlier SARS-CoV-2 variants. We investigated how mutations in the spike protein of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants, which have been shown to partially evade neutralizing antibodies, affect natural and vaccine-induced immunity. We adapted a Syrian hamster model of moderate to severe clinical disease for two variant strains of SARS-CoV-2: B.1.1.7 (alpha variant) and B.1.351 (beta variant). We then assessed the protective efficacy conferred by either natural immunity from WA1/2020 infection or by vaccination with a single dose of the adenovirus serotype 26 vaccine, Ad26.COV2.S. Primary infection with the WA1/2020 strain provided potent protection against weight loss and viral replication in lungs after rechallenge with WA1/2020, B.1.1.7, or B.1.351. Ad26.COV2.S induced cross-reactive binding and neutralizing antibodies that were reduced against the B.1.351 strain compared with WA1/2020 but nevertheless still provided robust protection against B.1.351 challenge, as measured by weight loss and pathology scoring in the lungs. Together, these data support hamsters as a preclinical model to study protection against emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 conferred by prior infection or vaccination.
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medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences,
