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Booster vaccination with Ad26.COV2.S or an Omicron-adapted vaccine in pre-immune hamsters protects against Omicron BA.2. 2023
Maarten Swart, and
Joan van der Lubbe, and
Sonja Schmit-Tillemans, and
Ella van Huizen, and
Johan Verspuij, and
Ana Izquierdo Gil, and
Ying Choi, and
Chenandly Daal, and
Aditya Perkasa, and
Adriaan de Wilde, and
Erwin Claassen, and
Rineke de Jong, and
Katrin E Wiese, and
Lisette Cornelissen, and
Marieke van Es, and
Marjolein van Heerden, and
Eleni Kourkouta, and
Issam Tahiri, and
Michel Mulders, and
Jessica Vreugdenhil, and
Karin Feddes-de Boer, and
Leacky Muchene, and
Jeroen Tolboom, and
Liesbeth Dekking, and
Jarek Juraszek, and
Jort Vellinga, and
Jerome Custers, and
Rinke Bos, and
Hanneke Schuitemaker, and
Frank Wegmann, and
Ramon Roozendaal, and
Harmjan Kuipers, and
Roland Zahn
Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Since the original outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, several rapidly spreading SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) have emerged. Here, we show that a single dose of Ad26.COV2.S (based on the Wuhan-Hu-1 spike variant) protects against the Gamma and Delta variants in naive hamsters, supporting the observed maintained vaccine efficacy in humans against these VOC. Adapted spike-based booster vaccines targeting Omicron variants have now been authorized in the absence of human efficacy data. We evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of Ad26.COV2.S.529 (encoding a stabilized Omicron BA.1 spike) in naive mice and in hamsters with pre-existing immunity to the Wuhan-Hu-1 spike. In naive mice, Ad26.COV2.S.529 elicited higher neutralizing antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2, compared with Ad26.COV2.S. However, neutralizing titers against the SARS-CoV-2 B.1 (D614G) and Delta variants were lower after primary vaccination with Ad26.COV2.S.529 compared with Ad26.COV2.S. In contrast, we found comparable Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 neutralizing titers in hamsters with pre-existing Wuhan-Hu-1 spike immunity after vaccination with Ad26.COV2.S, Ad26.COV2.S.529 or a combination of the two vaccines. Moreover, all three vaccine modalities induced equivalent protection against Omicron BA.2 challenge in these animals. Overall, our data suggest that an Omicron BA.1-based booster in rodents does not improve immunogenicity and efficacy against Omicron BA.2 over an Ad26.COV2.S booster in a setting of pre-existing immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
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