Ectopic eruption of the maxillary permanent first molar refers to its deviation from the normal position due to some factors during the eruption process, which will lead to root resorption and early loss of the adjacent second primary molar, mesial movement itself, or serious malocclusion. To solve these problems, the Society of Pediatric Dentistry of Chinese Stomatological Association organized pediatric dental experts from 16 universities and hospitals, including West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine to carry out a panel discussions. The research, and diagnosis and treatment experiences of ectopic eruption of maxillary permanent first molar at home and abroad in recent years were also referred to. The present guideline was eventually developed for the reference of dental clinicians.