Care for a Dying Patient: EMS Perspectives on Caring for Hospice Patients. 2022

Andrew Wenger, and Megan Potilechio, and Kathryn Redinger, and Joseph Billian, and John Aguilar, and Josh Mastenbrook
Department of Palliative Care (A.W., M.P.), Northern Arizona Healthcare, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine (K.R., J.M.), Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.B.), Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA; Madison Emergency Physicians (J.A.), Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

EMS providers frequently encounter patients in end-of-life situations. These situations can become ethically challenging depending on the nature of the event, availability of advance directives, and overall understanding of the situation by the patient and caregivers. This is particularly true for patients who are enrolled in Hospice, a specific form of end-of-life care available to patients with a terminal illness and expected lifespan of less than six months. This study aimed to survey the state of Michigan's EMS providers regarding encounters with hospice patients to better understand challenges caring for this population and to identify any need for additional education. An anonymous electronic survey was distributed via agency medical directors and a statewide listserv to all licensed EMS providers. Responses were collected via RedCap. Descriptive statistics were calculated. A total of 706 responses were received. Most responses were from paramedics (55%) or EMTs (34%). 96% indicated having at least one encounter with a hospice patient and 66% had greater than 10 encounters. Only 24% had received formal education on the care of hospice patients. A high percentage (86%) indicated interest in additional training in this area. Challenges identified among providers were inaccessible advance directives (72%), pressure from family for more aggressive treatment (61%), and difficulty contacting hospice personnel (48%). Educational gaps may be narrowed with additional end-of-life specific curricular components, with EMS providers expressing a strong desire for such training.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D003643 Death Irreversible cessation of all bodily functions, manifested by absence of spontaneous breathing and total loss of cardiovascular and cerebral functions. End Of Life,End-Of-Life,Near-Death Experience,Cardiac Death,Determination of Death,Death, Cardiac
D006738 Hospices Facilities or services which are especially devoted to providing palliative and supportive care to the patient with a terminal illness and to the patient's family. Hospice
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D013727 Terminal Care Medical and nursing care of patients in the terminal stage of an illness. End-Of-Life Care,End of Life Care,Care, End-Of-Life,Care, Terminal,End-Of-Life Cares
D016223 Advance Directives Declarations by patients, made in advance of a situation in which they may be incompetent to decide about their own care, stating their treatment preferences or authorizing a third party to make decisions for them. (Bioethics Thesaurus) Health Care Power of Attorney,Medical Power of Attorney,Healthcare Power of Attorney,Psychiatric Wills,Ulysses Contracts,Advance Directive,Attorney Healthcare Power,Attorney Medical Power,Contract, Ulysses,Contracts, Ulysses,Directive, Advance,Directives, Advance,Psychiatric Will,Ulysses Contract,Will, Psychiatric,Wills, Psychiatric
D017051 Hospice Care Specialized health care, supportive in nature, provided to a dying person. A holistic approach is often taken, providing patients and their families with legal, financial, emotional, or spiritual counseling in addition to meeting patients' immediate physical needs. Care may be provided in the home, in the hospital, in specialized facilities (HOSPICES), or in specially designated areas of long-term care facilities. The concept also includes bereavement care for the family. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed) Bereavement Care,Hospice Programs,Care, Bereavement,Care, Hospice,Hospice Program,Program, Hospice,Programs, Hospice

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