Biomaterial Database

Glass ionomer polyalkenoate cements and related materials: past, present and future. 2022

Robert Hill

Dental Physical Sciences, Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Dental Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, UK. r.hill@qmul.ac.uk.

The aim of this article is to review the development of glass ionomer cements (GICs) over the last 40 years and look critically at both their clinical advantages and disadvantages. Primarily, it will explore the future development of both GICs and related ion-releasing materials in relation to improved mechanical properties, capability to prevent secondary caries and promoting remineralisation of hard carious dentine left after minimal cavity preparation procedures, including atraumatic restorative treatment. This article will also introduce new materials with a focus on degradable fluorine-containing glass fillers, including alkasite glasses and fluorine-containing bioactive glasses, that have the capability to raise the pH and promote remineralisation with the potential for fluorapatite formation.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D003731	Dental Caries	Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	Caries, Dental,Carious Lesions,Dental Cavities,Dental Cavity,Dental Decay,Dental White Spots,Carious Dentin,Decay, Dental,Dental White Spot,White Spot, Dental,White Spots, Dental,Carious Dentins,Carious Lesion,Cavities, Dental,Cavity, Dental,Dentin, Carious,Dentins, Carious,Lesion, Carious,Lesions, Carious,Spot, Dental White,Spots, Dental White
D003737	Dental Cavity Preparation	An operation in which carious material is removed from teeth and biomechanically correct forms are established in the teeth to receive and retain restorations. A constant requirement is provision for prevention of failure of the restoration through recurrence of decay or inadequate resistance to applied stresses. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p239-40)	Cavity Preparation, Dental,Cavity Preparations, Dental,Dental Cavity Preparations,Preparation, Dental Cavity,Preparations, Dental Cavity
D005461	Fluorine	A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	Fluorine-19,Fluorine 19
D005899	Glass Ionomer Cements	A polymer obtained by reacting polyacrylic acid with a special anion-leachable glass (alumino-silicate). The resulting cement is more durable and tougher than others in that the materials comprising the polymer backbone do not leach out.	Glass Ionomer Cement,Glass Polyalkenoate Cement,Polyalkenoate Cement,Polyalkenoate Cements,Glass Polyalkenoate Cements,Glass-Ionomer Cement,Cement, Glass Ionomer,Cement, Glass Polyalkenoate,Cement, Glass-Ionomer,Cement, Polyalkenoate,Cements, Glass Ionomer,Cements, Glass Polyalkenoate,Cements, Glass-Ionomer,Cements, Polyalkenoate,Glass-Ionomer Cements,Ionomer Cement, Glass,Polyalkenoate Cement, Glass
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000180	Acrylic Resins	Polymers of high molecular weight which are derived from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or other related compounds and are capable of being molded and then hardened to form useful components.	Acrylic Resin,Resin, Acrylic,Resins, Acrylic
D012822	Silicon Dioxide	Transparent, tasteless crystals found in nature as agate, amethyst, chalcedony, cristobalite, flint, sand, QUARTZ, and tridymite. The compound is insoluble in water or acids except hydrofluoric acid.	Silica,Aerosil,Aerosil 380,Cristobalite,Quso G-32,Quso G32,Tridymite,380, Aerosil,Dioxide, Silicon,G32, Quso,Quso G 32
D057087	Dental Atraumatic Restorative Treatment	Treatment modality for DENTAL CARIES that uses manual excavation method and GLASS IONOMER CEMENTS. Because of its noninvasiveness and no need for expensive equipment and anesthesia it is promoted as an approach in places where dental care is not readily available.	Atraumatic Restorative Treatment, Dental