Biomaterial Database

[Efferent activity in the phrenic nerve during the startle reflex in chloralose-anesthetized cats]. 1987

A P Gokin

Reflex activity in the phrenic nerve was studied in chloralose anesthetized cats during development of somatic startle reflexes in limb and lower intercostal nerves. It was shown that the main component of this activity during low-threshold reflexes evoked by acoustic, tactile and low-threshold somatic afferent stimulation was depression of phrenic inspiratory activity. The following reflex discharges were prevalent components of phrenic responses to high-threshold afferent stimulation: early, propriospinal (intercostal-to-phrenic reflex) and late, suprasegmental ones. The latter were of two types: inspiratory (observed mainly during inspiration in about 75% of experiments) and expiratory (observed during expiration in 25% of experiments) which could be classified as "phrenic startle reflexes". Modulation of all responses during the respiratory cycle was described. Structural characteristics of reflex responses evoked in the phrenic nerve by stimulation of various respiratory and nonrespiratory bulbar sites as well as their respiratory modulation have been analyzed. Organization of possible neurophysiological mechanisms of phrenic responses during startle reflexes is discussed.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007367	Intercostal Nerves	The ventral rami of the thoracic nerves from segments T1 through T11. The intercostal nerves supply motor and sensory innervation to the thorax and abdomen. The skin and muscles supplied by a given pair are called, respectively, a dermatome and a myotome.	Intercostal Nerve,Nerve, Intercostal,Nerves, Intercostal
D010791	Phrenic Nerve	The motor nerve of the diaphragm. The phrenic nerve fibers originate in the cervical spinal column (mostly C4) and travel through the cervical plexus to the diaphragm.	Nerve, Phrenic,Nerves, Phrenic,Phrenic Nerves
D010812	Physical Stimulation	Act of eliciting a response from a person or organism through physical contact.	Stimulation, Physical,Physical Stimulations,Stimulations, Physical
D012119	Respiration	The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (	Breathing
D012121	Respiration, Artificial	Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2).	Ventilation, Mechanical,Mechanical Ventilation,Artificial Respiration,Artificial Respirations,Mechanical Ventilations,Respirations, Artificial,Ventilations, Mechanical
D002415	Cats	The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)	Felis catus,Felis domesticus,Domestic Cats,Felis domestica,Felis sylvestris catus,Cat,Cat, Domestic,Cats, Domestic,Domestic Cat
D002698	Chloralose	A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most common use is as a general anesthetic in animal experiments.	Anhydroglucochloral,Glucochloral,Glucochloralose,alpha-Chloralose,beta-Chloralose,alpha Chloralose,beta Chloralose
D004525	Efferent Pathways	Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a nerve center toward a peripheral site. Such impulses are conducted via efferent neurons (NEURONS, EFFERENT), such as MOTOR NEURONS, autonomic neurons, and hypophyseal neurons.	Motor Pathways,Efferent Pathway,Pathway, Efferent,Pathways, Efferent
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013216	Reflex, Startle	A complex involuntary response to an unexpected strong stimulus. The reaction involves physical movement away from the stimulus, MUSCLE CONTRACTION and limb flexion, BLINKING, and changes in HEART RATE, BLOOD PRESSURE, and RESPIRATION.	Startle Reaction,Acoustic Startle Reflex,Reflex, Moro,Startle Response,Moro Reflex,Reaction, Startle,Reactions, Startle,Reflex, Acoustic Startle,Response, Startle,Responses, Startle,Startle Reactions,Startle Reflex,Startle Reflex, Acoustic,Startle Responses