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Canine distemper virus and canine adenovirus type 1 co-infection in a free-living hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus) from Brazil. 2023
Maraya Lincoln Silva, and
Mayara Grego Caiaffa, and
André Luiz Mota da Costa, and
Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira, and
Ticiana Brasil Ervedosa, and
Eduardo Ferreira Machado, and
Pedro Enrique Navas Suárez, and
Rodrigo Albergaria Réssio, and
Cinthya Cirqueira Borges, and
Isis Paixão de Jesus, and
Julia de Carvalho, and
Ketlyn Bolsachini Figueiredo, and
Ana Carolina Souza Ramos de Carvalho, and
Paulo Eduardo Brandão, and
Natália Coelho Couto de Azevedo Fernandes, and
Juliana Mariotti Guerra
Parque Zoológico Municipal Quinzinho de Barros, Rua Teodoro Kaisel, 883 - Vila Hortência, Sorocaba - SP, Sorocaba, São Paulo, 18020268, Brazil.
The present case is the first description of a co-infection with canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1) in a free-living hoary fox pup from Brazil. The animal was found and rescued with poor body condition, dehydration, incoordination, ataxia, excessive vocalization, and "blue eyes" phenomenon. Despite the efforts, euthanasia was elected due to worsening clinical signs and poor prognosis. Pathologic examination revealed a mild, acute, random, necrotizing hepatitis, acute bronchopneumonia, hydrocephalus, corneal edema with epithelium degeneration, and acidophilic intracytoplasmatic inclusion bodies in different epithelial cells types with rare syncytial. Through immunohistochemistry, CDV antigen was observed in the tongue, trachea, lungs, liver, spleen, stomach, intestine and urinary bladder. Adenovirus antigen was identified in the nucleus of scattered hepatocytes. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing demonstrated high similarity with CAdV-1 and wild-type strain of CDV close related to Brazilian viral lineages isolated from domestic dogs. Disease surveillance in wildlife animals is essential to assess possible conservation threats and consider the implementation of mitigation or control measures.
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