Evaluation of residual humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 by a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) 9 months after BNT162b2 primary vaccination. 2023

Laura Pezzati, and Laura Milazzo, and Giorgia Carrozzo, and Cristina Kullmann, and Letizia Oreni, and Martina Beltrami, and Stefania Caronni, and Alessia Lai, and Livio Caberlotto, and Cosimo Ottomano, and Spinello Antinori, and Anna Lisa Ridolfo
Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 74, 20157, Milan, Italy; Luigi Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: laura.pezzati@unimi.it.

The humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has shown to be temporary, although may be more prolonged in vaccinated individuals with a history of natural infection. We aimed to study the residual humoral response and the correlation between anti-Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) IgG levels and antibody neutralizing capacity in a population of health care workers (HCWs) after 9 months from COVID-19 vaccination. In this cross-sectional study, plasma samples were screened for anti-RBD IgG using a quantitative method. The neutralizing capacity for each sample was estimated by means of a surrogate virus neutralizing test (sVNT) and results expressed as the percentage of inhibition (%IH) of the interaction between RBD and the angiotensin-converting enzyme. Samples of 274 HCWs (227 SARS-CoV-2 naïve and 47 SARS-CoV-2 experienced) were tested. The median level of anti-RBD IgG was significantly higher in SARS-CoV-2 experienced than in naïve HCWs: 2673.2 AU/mL versus 610.9 AU/mL, respectively (p <0.001). Samples of SARS-CoV-2 experienced subjects also showed higher neutralizing capacity as compared to naïve subjects: median %IH = 81.20% versus 38.55%, respectively; p <0.001. A quantitative correlation between anti-RBD Ab and inhibition activity levels was observed (Spearman's rho = 0.89, p <0.001): the optimal cut-off correlating with high neutralization was estimated to be 1236.1 AU/mL (sensitivity 96.8%, specificity 91.9%; AUC 0.979). Anti-SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity elicited by a combination of vaccination and infection confers higher anti-RBD IgG levels and higher neutralizing capacity than vaccination alone, likely providing better protection against COVID-19.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007074 Immunoglobulin G The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B. Gamma Globulin, 7S,IgG,IgG Antibody,Allerglobuline,IgG(T),IgG1,IgG2,IgG2A,IgG2B,IgG3,IgG4,Immunoglobulin GT,Polyglobin,7S Gamma Globulin,Antibody, IgG,GT, Immunoglobulin
D009500 Neutralization Tests The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50). Neutralization Test,Test, Neutralization,Tests, Neutralization
D003430 Cross-Sectional Studies Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time. Disease Frequency Surveys,Prevalence Studies,Analysis, Cross-Sectional,Cross Sectional Analysis,Cross-Sectional Survey,Surveys, Disease Frequency,Analyses, Cross Sectional,Analyses, Cross-Sectional,Analysis, Cross Sectional,Cross Sectional Analyses,Cross Sectional Studies,Cross Sectional Survey,Cross-Sectional Analyses,Cross-Sectional Analysis,Cross-Sectional Study,Cross-Sectional Surveys,Disease Frequency Survey,Prevalence Study,Studies, Cross-Sectional,Studies, Prevalence,Study, Cross-Sectional,Study, Prevalence,Survey, Cross-Sectional,Survey, Disease Frequency,Surveys, Cross-Sectional
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000086382 COVID-19 A viral disorder generally characterized by high FEVER; COUGH; DYSPNEA; CHILLS; PERSISTENT TREMOR; MUSCLE PAIN; HEADACHE; SORE THROAT; a new loss of taste and/or smell (see AGEUSIA and ANOSMIA) and other symptoms of a VIRAL PNEUMONIA. In severe cases, a myriad of coagulopathy associated symptoms often correlating with COVID-19 severity is seen (e.g., BLOOD COAGULATION; THROMBOSIS; ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME; SEIZURES; HEART ATTACK; STROKE; multiple CEREBRAL INFARCTIONS; KIDNEY FAILURE; catastrophic ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY SYNDROME and/or DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION). In younger patients, rare inflammatory syndromes are sometimes associated with COVID-19 (e.g., atypical KAWASAKI SYNDROME; TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME; pediatric multisystem inflammatory disease; and CYTOKINE STORM SYNDROME). A coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, in the genus BETACORONAVIRUS is the causative agent. 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease,2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection,2019-nCoV Disease,2019-nCoV Infection,COVID-19 Pandemic,COVID-19 Pandemics,COVID-19 Virus Disease,COVID-19 Virus Infection,Coronavirus Disease 2019,Coronavirus Disease-19,SARS Coronavirus 2 Infection,SARS-CoV-2 Infection,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection,COVID19,2019 nCoV Disease,2019 nCoV Infection,2019-nCoV Diseases,2019-nCoV Infections,COVID 19,COVID 19 Pandemic,COVID 19 Virus Disease,COVID 19 Virus Infection,COVID-19 Virus Diseases,COVID-19 Virus Infections,Coronavirus Disease 19,Disease 2019, Coronavirus,Disease, 2019-nCoV,Disease, COVID-19 Virus,Infection, 2019-nCoV,Infection, COVID-19 Virus,Infection, SARS-CoV-2,Pandemic, COVID-19,SARS CoV 2 Infection,SARS-CoV-2 Infections,Virus Disease, COVID-19,Virus Infection, COVID-19
D000086402 SARS-CoV-2 A species of BETACORONAVIRUS causing atypical respiratory disease (COVID-19) in humans. The organism was first identified in 2019 in Wuhan, China. The natural host is the Chinese intermediate horseshoe bat, RHINOLOPHUS affinis. 2019 Novel Coronavirus,COVID-19 Virus,COVID19 Virus,Coronavirus Disease 2019 Virus,SARS Coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2 Virus,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2,Wuhan Coronavirus,Wuhan Seafood Market Pneumonia Virus,2019-nCoV,2019 Novel Coronaviruses,COVID 19 Virus,COVID-19 Viruses,COVID19 Viruses,Coronavirus 2, SARS,Coronavirus, 2019 Novel,Coronavirus, Wuhan,Novel Coronavirus, 2019,SARS CoV 2 Virus,SARS-CoV-2 Viruses,Virus, COVID-19,Virus, COVID19,Virus, SARS-CoV-2,Viruses, COVID19
D000086663 COVID-19 Vaccines Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing SARS-CoV-2 component antigens, genetic materials, or inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus, and designed to prevent COVID-19. 2019 Novel Coronavirus Vaccine,2019 Novel Coronavirus Vaccines,2019-nCoV Vaccine,2019-nCoV Vaccines,COVID 19 Vaccine,COVID-19 Vaccine,COVID-19 Virus Vaccine,COVID-19 Virus Vaccines,COVID19 Vaccine,COVID19 Vaccines,COVID19 Virus Vaccine,COVID19 Virus Vaccines,Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine,Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccines,Coronavirus Disease 2019 Virus Vaccine,Coronavirus Disease 2019 Virus Vaccines,Coronavirus Disease-19 Vaccine,Coronavirus Disease-19 Vaccines,SARS Coronavirus 2 Vaccines,SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine,SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines,SARS2 Vaccine,SARS2 Vaccines,2019 nCoV Vaccine,2019 nCoV Vaccines,COVID 19 Vaccines,COVID 19 Virus Vaccine,COVID 19 Virus Vaccines,Coronavirus Disease 19 Vaccine,Coronavirus Disease 19 Vaccines,SARS CoV 2 Vaccine,SARS CoV 2 Vaccines,Vaccine, 2019-nCoV,Vaccine, COVID 19,Vaccine, COVID-19,Vaccine, COVID-19 Virus,Vaccine, COVID19,Vaccine, COVID19 Virus,Vaccine, Coronavirus Disease-19,Vaccine, SARS-CoV-2,Vaccine, SARS2,Vaccines, 2019-nCoV,Vaccines, COVID-19,Vaccines, COVID-19 Virus,Vaccines, COVID19,Vaccines, COVID19 Virus,Vaccines, Coronavirus Disease-19,Vaccines, SARS-CoV-2,Vaccines, SARS2,Virus Vaccine, COVID-19,Virus Vaccine, COVID19,Virus Vaccines, COVID-19,Virus Vaccines, COVID19
D000090982 BNT162 Vaccine mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 developed by Pfizer and BioNTech. Abdavomeran,BNT-162A1,BNT-162B1,BNT-162B2,BNT-162C2,BNT162A1,BNT162B1,BNT162B2,BNT162C2,COVID-19 Vaccine Pfizer-BioNTech,Comirnaty,Pfizer Covid-19 Vaccine,Pidacmeran,Tozinameran,BNT 162A1,BNT 162B1,BNT 162B2,BNT 162C2,COVID 19 Vaccine Pfizer BioNTech,Covid-19 Vaccine, Pfizer,Pfizer Covid 19 Vaccine,Pfizer-BioNTech, COVID-19 Vaccine,Vaccine Pfizer-BioNTech, COVID-19,Vaccine, BNT162,Vaccine, Pfizer Covid-19
D000914 Antibodies, Viral Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS. Viral Antibodies
D014611 Vaccination Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis. Immunization, Active,Active Immunization,Active Immunizations,Immunizations, Active,Vaccinations

Related Publications

Laura Pezzati, and Laura Milazzo, and Giorgia Carrozzo, and Cristina Kullmann, and Letizia Oreni, and Martina Beltrami, and Stefania Caronni, and Alessia Lai, and Livio Caberlotto, and Cosimo Ottomano, and Spinello Antinori, and Anna Lisa Ridolfo
December 2020, Emerging microbes & infections,
Laura Pezzati, and Laura Milazzo, and Giorgia Carrozzo, and Cristina Kullmann, and Letizia Oreni, and Martina Beltrami, and Stefania Caronni, and Alessia Lai, and Livio Caberlotto, and Cosimo Ottomano, and Spinello Antinori, and Anna Lisa Ridolfo
May 2022, Clinical chemistry,
Laura Pezzati, and Laura Milazzo, and Giorgia Carrozzo, and Cristina Kullmann, and Letizia Oreni, and Martina Beltrami, and Stefania Caronni, and Alessia Lai, and Livio Caberlotto, and Cosimo Ottomano, and Spinello Antinori, and Anna Lisa Ridolfo
January 2022, Frontiers in immunology,
Laura Pezzati, and Laura Milazzo, and Giorgia Carrozzo, and Cristina Kullmann, and Letizia Oreni, and Martina Beltrami, and Stefania Caronni, and Alessia Lai, and Livio Caberlotto, and Cosimo Ottomano, and Spinello Antinori, and Anna Lisa Ridolfo
December 2021, One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands),
Laura Pezzati, and Laura Milazzo, and Giorgia Carrozzo, and Cristina Kullmann, and Letizia Oreni, and Martina Beltrami, and Stefania Caronni, and Alessia Lai, and Livio Caberlotto, and Cosimo Ottomano, and Spinello Antinori, and Anna Lisa Ridolfo
September 2022, Scientific reports,
Laura Pezzati, and Laura Milazzo, and Giorgia Carrozzo, and Cristina Kullmann, and Letizia Oreni, and Martina Beltrami, and Stefania Caronni, and Alessia Lai, and Livio Caberlotto, and Cosimo Ottomano, and Spinello Antinori, and Anna Lisa Ridolfo
January 2022, Frontiers in immunology,
Laura Pezzati, and Laura Milazzo, and Giorgia Carrozzo, and Cristina Kullmann, and Letizia Oreni, and Martina Beltrami, and Stefania Caronni, and Alessia Lai, and Livio Caberlotto, and Cosimo Ottomano, and Spinello Antinori, and Anna Lisa Ridolfo
January 2022, BMC medicine,
Laura Pezzati, and Laura Milazzo, and Giorgia Carrozzo, and Cristina Kullmann, and Letizia Oreni, and Martina Beltrami, and Stefania Caronni, and Alessia Lai, and Livio Caberlotto, and Cosimo Ottomano, and Spinello Antinori, and Anna Lisa Ridolfo
October 2021, EBioMedicine,
Laura Pezzati, and Laura Milazzo, and Giorgia Carrozzo, and Cristina Kullmann, and Letizia Oreni, and Martina Beltrami, and Stefania Caronni, and Alessia Lai, and Livio Caberlotto, and Cosimo Ottomano, and Spinello Antinori, and Anna Lisa Ridolfo
November 2022, Vaccines,
Laura Pezzati, and Laura Milazzo, and Giorgia Carrozzo, and Cristina Kullmann, and Letizia Oreni, and Martina Beltrami, and Stefania Caronni, and Alessia Lai, and Livio Caberlotto, and Cosimo Ottomano, and Spinello Antinori, and Anna Lisa Ridolfo
April 2022, Research square,
Copied contents to your clipboard!