Lysine 117 on ataxin-3 modulates toxicity in Drosophila models of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3. 2023

Jessica R Blount, and Nikhil C Patel, and Kozeta Libohova, and Autumn L Harris, and Wei-Ling Tsou, and Alyson Sujkowski, and Sokol V Todi
Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, United States of America.

Ataxin-3 (Atxn3) is a deubiquitinase with a polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat tract whose abnormal expansion causes the neurodegenerative disease, Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 (SCA3; also known as Machado-Joseph Disease). The ubiquitin chain cleavage properties of Atxn3 are enhanced when the enzyme is itself ubiquitinated at lysine (K) at position 117: in vitro, K117-ubiqutinated Atxn3 cleaves poly-ubiquitin markedly more rapidly compared to its unmodified counterpart. How polyQ expansion causes SCA3 remains unclear. To gather insights into the biology of disease of SCA3, here we posited the question: is K117 important for toxicity caused by pathogenic Atxn3? To answer this question, we generated transgenic Drosophila lines that express full-length, human, pathogenic Atxn3 with 80 polyQ with an intact or mutated K117. We found that mutating K117 mildly enhances the toxicity and aggregation of pathogenic Atxn3. An additional transgenic line that expresses Atxn3 without any K residues confirms increased aggregation of pathogenic Atxn3 whose ubiquitination is perturbed. These findings suggest that Atxn3 ubiquitination is a regulatory step of SCA3, in part by modulating its aggregation.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008239 Lysine An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed. Enisyl,L-Lysine,Lysine Acetate,Lysine Hydrochloride,Acetate, Lysine,L Lysine
D004330 Drosophila A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology. Fruit Fly, Drosophila,Drosophila Fruit Flies,Drosophila Fruit Fly,Drosophilas,Flies, Drosophila Fruit,Fly, Drosophila Fruit,Fruit Flies, Drosophila
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000067699 Ataxin-3 A deubiquitinating enzyme of the ATAXINS family. It functions in protein homeostasis, GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; CYTOSKELETON regulation, and MYOGENESIS. CAG TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT EXPANSION in the Ataxin-3 gene coding region is associated with spinocerebellar ataxia-3 (MACHADO-JOSEPH DISEASE). ATXN3 Protein,Ataxin-3 Protein,Machado-Joseph Disease Protein,SCA3 Protein,Spinocerebellar Ataxia 3 Protein,Ataxin 3,Ataxin 3 Protein,Machado Joseph Disease Protein
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D017827 Machado-Joseph Disease A dominantly-inherited ATAXIA first described in people of Azorean and Portuguese descent, and subsequently identified in Brazil, Japan, China, and Australia. This disorder is classified as one of the SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIAS (Type 3) and has been associated with a mutation of the MJD1 gene on chromosome 14. Clinical features include progressive ataxia, DYSARTHRIA, postural instability, nystagmus, eyelid retraction, and facial FASCICULATIONS. DYSTONIA is prominent in younger patients (referred to as Type I Machado-Joseph Disease). Type II features ataxia and ocular signs; Type III features MUSCULAR ATROPHY and a sensorimotor neuropathy; and Type IV features extrapyramidal signs combined with a sensorimotor neuropathy. (From Clin Neurosci 1995;3(1):17-22; Ann Neurol 1998 Mar;43(3):288-96) Azorean Disease,Joseph Disease,Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3,Striatonigral Degeneration, Autosomal Dominant,Autosomal Dominant Striatonigral Degeneration,Azorean Ataxia,Azorean Disease (Machado-Joseph),Azorean Disease, Nervous System,Azorean Neurologic Disease,Joseph Azorean Disease,Machado-Joseph Azorean Disease,Machado-Joseph Disease Type I,Machado-Joseph Disease Type II,Machado-Joseph Disease Type III,Machado-Joseph Disease Type IV,Nervous System Azorean Disease,Nigrospinodentatal Degeneration,Spinocerebellar Ataxia 3,Spinocerebellar Ataxia-3,Spinocerebellar Atrophy III,Spinocerebellar Atrophy Type 3,Type 3 Spinocerebellar Ataxia,Type I Machado-Joseph Disease,Type II Machado-Joseph Disease,Type III Machado-Joseph Disease,Type IV Machado-Joseph Disease,3s, Spinocerebellar Ataxia,Ataxia 3, Spinocerebellar,Ataxia 3s, Spinocerebellar,Atrophy III, Spinocerebellar,Atrophy IIIs, Spinocerebellar,Azorean Disease (Machado Joseph),Degeneration, Nigrospinodentatal,Degenerations, Nigrospinodentatal,Disease, Azorean,Disease, Azorean (Machado-Joseph),Disease, Azorean Neurologic,Disease, Joseph,Disease, Joseph Azorean,Disease, Machado-Joseph,Disease, Machado-Joseph Azorean,III, Spinocerebellar Atrophy,Machado Joseph Azorean Disease,Machado Joseph Disease,Machado Joseph Disease Type I,Machado Joseph Disease Type II,Machado Joseph Disease Type III,Machado Joseph Disease Type IV,Neurologic Disease, Azorean,Nigrospinodentatal Degenerations,Spinocerebellar Ataxia 3s,Spinocerebellar Atrophy IIIs,Type I Machado Joseph Disease,Type II Machado Joseph Disease,Type III Machado Joseph Disease,Type IV Machado Joseph Disease
D019636 Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures. Degenerative Diseases, Nervous System,Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System,Degenerative Diseases, Neurologic,Degenerative Diseases, Spinal Cord,Degenerative Neurologic Diseases,Degenerative Neurologic Disorders,Nervous System Degenerative Diseases,Neurodegenerative Disorders,Neurologic Degenerative Conditions,Neurologic Degenerative Diseases,Neurologic Diseases, Degenerative,Degenerative Condition, Neurologic,Degenerative Conditions, Neurologic,Degenerative Neurologic Disease,Degenerative Neurologic Disorder,Neurodegenerative Disease,Neurodegenerative Disorder,Neurologic Degenerative Condition,Neurologic Degenerative Disease,Neurologic Disease, Degenerative,Neurologic Disorder, Degenerative,Neurologic Disorders, Degenerative
D025801 Ubiquitin A highly conserved 76-amino acid peptide universally found in eukaryotic cells that functions as a marker for intracellular PROTEIN TRANSPORT and degradation. Ubiquitin becomes activated through a series of complicated steps and forms an isopeptide bond to lysine residues of specific proteins within the cell. These "ubiquitinated" proteins can be recognized and degraded by proteosomes or be transported to specific compartments within the cell. APF-1,ATP-Dependent Proteolysis Factor 1,HMG-20,High Mobility Protein 20,Ubiquitin, Human,ATP Dependent Proteolysis Factor 1,Human Ubiquitin

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