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37 dyes including 3 anthraquinone, 22 azo; 5 xanthene, 5 fluorandiol, and 2 thioindigo dyes, were tested for mutagenic potential with the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome test. Two frame-shift histidine mutants (TA1537 and TA98) and two base-pair substituted histidine mutants (TA1535 and TA100) of Salmonella typhimurium were employed. Both the spot test and the plate-incorporation assay indicated that one azo dye, D&C Orange No. 17, was mutagenic with three of the bacterial test strains. The mutagenic response of D&C Orange No. 17 was depressed by the addition of the microsomal fractions from rat livers. Of the chemicals used to synthesize D&C Orange No; 17 was depressed by the addition of the microsomal fractions from rat livers. Of the chemicals used to synthesize D&C Orange No. 17, beta-naphthol was not mutagenic but 2,4-dinitroaniline was mutagenic to the same Salmonella strains as D&C Orange No. 17 . Dimethyl sulfoxide extracts of lipsticks of similar formula but without D&C Orange No. 17 were tested in the plate incorporation assay. Only those containing D&C Orange No. 17 were mutagenic and the dye was mutagenic at concentrations consumed in normal daily use.
J M Muzzall, and
W L Cook
November 1979,
Mutation research,
J M Muzzall, and
W L Cook
December 1978,
Il Farmaco; edizione pratica,
J M Muzzall, and
W L Cook
November 1980,
Archives of toxicology,
J M Muzzall, and
W L Cook
July 1979,
Cancer letters,
J M Muzzall, and
W L Cook
February 1980,
Veterinary and human toxicology,
J M Muzzall, and
W L Cook
February 1987,
Mutation research,
J M Muzzall, and
W L Cook
January 1988,
Mutation research,
J M Muzzall, and
W L Cook
May 1980,
Mutation research,
J M Muzzall, and
W L Cook
December 1975,
Mutation research,
J M Muzzall, and
W L Cook
July 1983,
Mutation research,
