Biomaterial Database

Entry of diphtheria toxin linked to concanavalin A into primate and murine cells. 1985

J C Guillemot, and A Sundan, and S Olsnes, and K Sandvig

Diphtheria toxin linked by a disulfide bridge to concanavalin A was highly toxic to HeLa S3 and Vero cells, as well as to murine L cells. The cells could be protected with alpha-methyl mannoside, indicating that the conjugate binds mainly through its concanavalin A moiety. Treatment of Vero cells with phospholipase C, TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate), and vanadate, which strongly reduce the ability of the cells to bind free diphtheria toxin, had little protective effect against the conjugate, whereas SITS (L-acetamido-4'-isothiocyano-stilbene-2,2'disulfonic acid), which inhibits diphtheria toxin binding, as well as the subsequent entry, protected Vero cells, but not L cells. Both types of cells are protected against the conjugate by NH4Cl and monensin, indicating that an acidified compartment is necessary for entry into the cytosol. Exposure of cells, bound with surface conjugate, to low pH induced entry of the toxin into Vero cells, but not into L Cells. Phospholipase C, TPA, and vanadate did not protect L cells against the conjugate. It is concluded that toxin in the conjugate enters L cells by a route which involves low pH, but which is not identical to that in Vero cells.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007668	Kidney	Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.	Kidneys
D007739	L Cells	A cultured line of C3H mouse FIBROBLASTS that do not adhere to one another and do not express CADHERINS.	Earle's Strain L Cells,L Cell Line,L Cells (Cell Line),L-Cell Line,L-Cells,L-Cells, Cell Line,L929 Cell Line,L929 Cells,NCTC Clone 929 Cells,NCTC Clone 929 of Strain L Cells,Strain L Cells,Cell Line L-Cell,Cell Line L-Cells,Cell Line, L,Cell Line, L929,Cell Lines, L,Cell, L,Cell, L (Cell Line),Cell, L929,Cell, Strain L,Cells, L,Cells, L (Cell Line),Cells, L929,Cells, Strain L,L Cell,L Cell (Cell Line),L Cell Lines,L Cell, Strain,L Cells, Cell Line,L Cells, Strain,L-Cell,L-Cell Lines,L-Cell, Cell Line,L929 Cell,Strain L Cell
D008985	Monensin	An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.	Coban,Monensin Monosodium Salt,Monensin Sodium,Monensin-A-Sodium Complex,Rumensin,Monensin A Sodium Complex
D010738	Type C Phospholipases	A subclass of phospholipases that hydrolyze the phosphoester bond found in the third position of GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS. Although the singular term phospholipase C specifically refers to an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE (EC 3.1.4.3), it is commonly used in the literature to refer to broad variety of enzymes that specifically catalyze the hydrolysis of PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS.	Lecithinase C,Phospholipase C,Phospholipases, Type C,Phospholipases C
D002460	Cell Line	Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.	Cell Lines,Line, Cell,Lines, Cell
D002521	Cercopithecus	A genus of Old World monkeys found in Africa although some species have been introduced into the West Indies. This genus is composed of at least twenty species: C. AETHIOPS, C. ascanius, C. campbelli, C. cephus, C. denti, C. diana, C. dryas, C. erythrogaster, C. erythrotis, C. hamlyni, C. lhoesti, C. mitis, C. mona, C. neglectus, C. nictitans, C. petaurista, C. pogonias, C. preussi, C. salongo, and C. wolfi.
D002522	Chlorocebus aethiops	A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.	African Green Monkey,Cercopithecus aethiops,Cercopithecus griseoviridis,Cercopithecus griseus,Cercopithecus pygerythrus,Cercopithecus sabeus,Cercopithecus tantalus,Chlorocebus cynosuros,Chlorocebus cynosurus,Chlorocebus pygerythrus,Green Monkey,Grivet Monkey,Lasiopyga weidholzi,Malbrouck,Malbrouck Monkey,Monkey, African Green,Monkey, Green,Monkey, Grivet,Monkey, Vervet,Savanah Monkey,Vervet Monkey,Savannah Monkey,African Green Monkey,Chlorocebus cynosuro,Green Monkey, African,Green Monkeys,Grivet Monkeys,Malbrouck Monkeys,Malbroucks,Monkey, Malbrouck,Monkey, Savanah,Monkey, Savannah,Savannah Monkeys,Vervet Monkeys
D003208	Concanavalin A	A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.
D004167	Diphtheria Toxin	An ADP-ribosylating polypeptide produced by CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE that causes the signs and symptoms of DIPHTHERIA. It can be broken into two unequal domains: the smaller, catalytic A domain is the lethal moiety and contains MONO(ADP-RIBOSE) TRANSFERASES which transfers ADP RIBOSE to PEPTIDE ELONGATION FACTOR 2 thereby inhibiting protein synthesis; and the larger B domain that is needed for entry into cells.	Corynebacterium Diphtheriae Toxin,Toxin, Corynebacterium Diphtheriae
D006367	HeLa Cells	The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for, among other things, VIRUS CULTIVATION and PRECLINICAL DRUG EVALUATION assays.	Cell, HeLa,Cells, HeLa,HeLa Cell