Biomaterial Database

Blood cyanide and thiocyanate concentrations produced by long-term therapy with sodium nitroprusside. 1985

C J Vesey, and P V Cole

Blood cyanide (HCN) or plasma thiocyanate (SCN) concentrations, or both, were measured in 30 patients (ages 11 months-72 yr) receiving sodium nitroprusside (SNP) for 12-314 h. Sequential measurements in three of these patients (infused 5, 12 and 13 days) showed that HCN concentrations varied with dose rate, while SCN concentrations increased linearly with increasing SNP dose. The accumulated data confirmed that the rate of administration (0.3-6.5 micrograms kg-1 min-1) determined the plasma HCN concentrations (0-3.8 mumol litre-1; y = 0.267 X -0.0733; r = 0.64; n = 51; P less than 0.001). Thus, if prolonged exposure to plasma HCN concentrations greater than 1 mumol litre-1 is to be avoided, the maximum safe sustained dose rate of SNP will lie near to 4 micrograms kg-1 min-1. Likewise, the SCN results (30--880 mumol litre-1) confirmed the close relationship between plasma concentrations and the total SNP dose (0.44-32.9 mg kg-1; y = 24.6x + 74.9; r = 0.95, n = 51, P less than 0.001). Therefore, we suggest that, to avoid SCN toxicity (plasma SCN greater than 1.75 mumol litre-1), in the absence of SCN monitoring, the total SNP dose should be less than 70 mg kg-1 in patients with normal renal function.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007223	Infant	A child between 1 and 23 months of age.	Infants
D007263	Infusions, Parenteral	The administration of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through some other route than the alimentary canal, usually over minutes or hours, either by gravity flow or often by infusion pumping.	Intra-Abdominal Infusions,Intraperitoneal Infusions,Parenteral Infusions,Peritoneal Infusions,Infusion, Intra-Abdominal,Infusion, Intraperitoneal,Infusion, Parenteral,Infusion, Peritoneal,Infusions, Intra-Abdominal,Infusions, Intraperitoneal,Infusions, Peritoneal,Intra Abdominal Infusions,Intra-Abdominal Infusion,Intraperitoneal Infusion,Parenteral Infusion,Peritoneal Infusion
D008297	Male		Males
D008875	Middle Aged	An adult aged 45 - 64 years.	Middle Age
D009599	Nitroprusside	A powerful vasodilator used in emergencies to lower blood pressure or to improve cardiac function. It is also an indicator for free sulfhydryl groups in proteins.	Nitroferricyanide,Sodium Nitroprusside,Cyanonitrosylferrate,Ketostix,Naniprus,Nipride,Nipruton,Nitriate,Nitropress,Nitroprussiat Fides,Nitroprusside, Disodium Salt,Nitroprusside, Disodium Salt, Dihydrate,Disodium Salt Nitroprusside,Nitroprusside, Sodium
D002318	Cardiovascular Diseases	Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	Adverse Cardiac Event,Cardiac Events,Major Adverse Cardiac Events,Adverse Cardiac Events,Cardiac Event,Cardiac Event, Adverse,Cardiac Events, Adverse,Cardiovascular Disease,Disease, Cardiovascular,Event, Cardiac
D002648	Child	A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL.	Children
D002675	Child, Preschool	A child between the ages of 2 and 5.	Children, Preschool,Preschool Child,Preschool Children
D003486	Cyanides	Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.	Cyanide,Isocyanide,Isocyanides
D004334	Drug Administration Schedule	Time schedule for administration of a drug in order to achieve optimum effectiveness and convenience.	Administration Schedule, Drug,Administration Schedules, Drug,Drug Administration Schedules,Schedule, Drug Administration,Schedules, Drug Administration