[Mathematical model of the longitudinal growth of long bones]. 1985

B Kummer, and K Lohscheidt

The specific shape of the long bones is due to a more or less regular increase in length at the level of the epiphyseal plate (Pauwels 1958). This theory assumes, that the epiphyseal cartilage reacts to the local magnitude of stresses. The amount of bone formation is supposed to be proportional to the stress magnitudes. The bone grows straight in the direction of its axis, if the stresses are distributed evenly over the cross-section; but if the stresses increase toward one border of the epiphyseal plate, the bone formation will be stimulated more intensively at this side and consequently the axis of the bone will be bent to the opposite side. By this mechanism, the epiphyseal plate becomes oriented at a right angle to the direction of the stressing force. Pauwels (1958) explains the reorientation of the articular extremities in bones with fractures, consolidated in an angular position by the described reaction. The same reaction is responsible for the formation of the juvenile genu valgum. The genu varum and the so-called coxa vara congenita on the other hand are due to overloading of the epiphyseal cartilage. The described theory has been expressed by a mathematical function and the biological response of the bone has been simulated by means of a computer model. This model explains in a first approximation normal reactions of the growing bone even well as some pathological growth processes.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008433 Mathematics The deductive study of shape, quantity, and dependence. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed) Mathematic
D008954 Models, Biological Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment. Biological Model,Biological Models,Model, Biological,Models, Biologic,Biologic Model,Biologic Models,Model, Biologic
D001846 Bone Development The growth and development of bones from fetus to adult. It includes two principal mechanisms of bone growth: growth in length of long bones at the epiphyseal cartilages and growth in thickness by depositing new bone (OSTEOGENESIS) with the actions of OSTEOBLASTS and OSTEOCLASTS. Bone Growth
D006132 Growth Plate The area between the EPIPHYSIS and the DIAPHYSIS within which bone growth occurs. Cartilage, Epiphyseal,Epiphyseal Cartilage,Epiphyseal Plate,Cartilages, Epiphyseal,Epiphyseal Cartilages,Epiphyseal Plates,Growth Plates,Plate, Epiphyseal,Plate, Growth,Plates, Epiphyseal,Plates, Growth
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man

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