Biomaterial Database

Chromosomal effects of carcinogens and non-carcinogens on WI-38 after short term exposures with and without metabolic activation. 1977

D Weinstein, and M L Katz, and S Kazmer

The human diploid fibroblast culture, WI-38 was analyzed for chromosomal damage after 24 h exposures to benzo(a)pyrene (BP), 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA), n-methyl-n'-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), pyrene and caffeine. A low concentration of 4NQO (0.15 micron) and MNNG (1.9 micron) produced breakage and exchange figures. A relatively high concentration of caffeine (1300 micron) caused breakage. The other compounds (BP, MCA and pyrene) caused little or no increase in damage above the control levels. A 1-h pulse exposure of WI-38 cells to BP (40 micron) in the presence of a rat liver homogenate supernate (S-9) resulted in damage significantly greater than the untreated cells or cells treated with BP alone. 4NQO (0.25 micron) produced exchange figures after a similar 1-h exposure, but this effect was eliminated by the S-9. A much higher concentration of caffeine (10,300 micron) was required to cause breakage greater than control levels after a one hour exposure. The results indicate a possible short term in vitro human cell system for distinguishing carcinogens, procarcinogens, and noncarcinogens.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008748	Methylcholanthrene	A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.	20-Methylcholanthrene,3-Methylcholanthrene,20 Methylcholanthrene,3 Methylcholanthrene
D008769	Methylnitronitrosoguanidine	A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.	Methylnitrosonitroguanidine,Nitrosomethylnitroguanidine,Nitrosonitromethylguanidine,MNNG,N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine,N Methyl N' nitro N nitrosoguanidine
D009600	Nitroquinolines	Quinolines substituted in any position by one or more nitro groups.
D011721	Pyrenes	A group of condensed ring hydrocarbons.
D002110	Caffeine	A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes SMOOTH MUSCLE, stimulates CARDIAC MUSCLE, stimulates DIURESIS, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide PHOSPHODIESTERASES, antagonism of ADENOSINE RECEPTORS, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling.	1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine,Caffedrine,Coffeinum N,Coffeinum Purrum,Dexitac,Durvitan,No Doz,Percoffedrinol N,Percutaféine,Quick-Pep,Vivarin,Quick Pep,QuickPep
D002460	Cell Line	Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.	Cell Lines,Line, Cell,Lines, Cell
D002869	Chromosome Aberrations	Abnormal number or structure of chromosomes. Chromosome aberrations may result in CHROMOSOME DISORDERS.	Autosome Abnormalities,Cytogenetic Aberrations,Abnormalities, Autosome,Abnormalities, Chromosomal,Abnormalities, Chromosome,Chromosomal Aberrations,Chromosome Abnormalities,Cytogenetic Abnormalities,Aberration, Chromosomal,Aberration, Chromosome,Aberration, Cytogenetic,Aberrations, Chromosomal,Aberrations, Chromosome,Aberrations, Cytogenetic,Abnormalities, Cytogenetic,Abnormality, Autosome,Abnormality, Chromosomal,Abnormality, Chromosome,Abnormality, Cytogenetic,Autosome Abnormality,Chromosomal Aberration,Chromosomal Abnormalities,Chromosomal Abnormality,Chromosome Aberration,Chromosome Abnormality,Cytogenetic Aberration,Cytogenetic Abnormality
D002875	Chromosomes	In a prokaryotic cell or in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, a structure consisting of or containing DNA which carries the genetic information essential to the cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	Chromosome
D004171	Diploidy	The chromosomal constitution of cells, in which each type of CHROMOSOME is represented twice. Symbol: 2N or 2X.	Diploid,Diploid Cell,Cell, Diploid,Cells, Diploid,Diploid Cells,Diploidies,Diploids
D005347	Fibroblasts	Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.	Fibroblast