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Most corrective procedures as well as myocardial revascularization require a period of cardiac arrest, and numerous methods have been proposed to protect the myocardium during this ischemic episode. Potassium-induced cardioplegia is one method that appears to be of benefit in this setting. Since it is recognized that myocardial necrosis may result at very high doses of potassium, we examined the effect of varying concentrations of potassium on myocardial anoxic injury. Using an isolated rat heart preparation, we evaluated anoxic injury occurring with cardioplegic solutions containing various concentrations of K+, ranging from 15 to 200 mEq. per liter, during a 50 minute normothermic arrest followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. The transverse histologic sections of the left ventricular myocardium were analyzed for contraction band injury by morphometric and qualitative methods. Among the 62 animals studied the least severe anoxic injury was seen with K+ cardioplegia at concentrations of 25 and 30 mEq. per liter. At lower and higher concentrations there was little difference between the hearts exposed to anoxia with or without K+ cardioplegia. Potassium administered in very high doses, i.e., 100 or 200 mEq. of K+ per liter, led to contracture and extensive myocardial cell injury. This study suggests that potassium-induced cardioplegia is effective in reducing cell injury due to anoxia, and in this model an optimal concentration range was 25 to 30 mEq. per liter.
F Gharagozloo, and
B H Bulkley, and
G M Hutchins, and
T J Bixler, and
H V Schaff, and
J T Flaherty, and
T J Gardner
January 1983,
Scandinavian journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery,
F Gharagozloo, and
B H Bulkley, and
G M Hutchins, and
T J Bixler, and
H V Schaff, and
J T Flaherty, and
T J Gardner
January 1975,
The Journal of cardiovascular surgery,
F Gharagozloo, and
B H Bulkley, and
G M Hutchins, and
T J Bixler, and
H V Schaff, and
J T Flaherty, and
T J Gardner
November 1976,
The Annals of thoracic surgery,
F Gharagozloo, and
B H Bulkley, and
G M Hutchins, and
T J Bixler, and
H V Schaff, and
J T Flaherty, and
T J Gardner
May 1985,
The American surgeon,
F Gharagozloo, and
B H Bulkley, and
G M Hutchins, and
T J Bixler, and
H V Schaff, and
J T Flaherty, and
T J Gardner
August 1978,
Circulation,
F Gharagozloo, and
B H Bulkley, and
G M Hutchins, and
T J Bixler, and
H V Schaff, and
J T Flaherty, and
T J Gardner
August 1979,
Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia,
F Gharagozloo, and
B H Bulkley, and
G M Hutchins, and
T J Bixler, and
H V Schaff, and
J T Flaherty, and
T J Gardner
July 1978,
The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery,
F Gharagozloo, and
B H Bulkley, and
G M Hutchins, and
T J Bixler, and
H V Schaff, and
J T Flaherty, and
T J Gardner
January 1978,
Chirurgisches Forum fur experimentelle und klinische Forschung,
F Gharagozloo, and
B H Bulkley, and
G M Hutchins, and
T J Bixler, and
H V Schaff, and
J T Flaherty, and
T J Gardner
January 1979,
Surgical forum,
F Gharagozloo, and
B H Bulkley, and
G M Hutchins, and
T J Bixler, and
H V Schaff, and
J T Flaherty, and
T J Gardner
August 1979,
The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery,
