Biomaterial Database

[Pharmacokinetics and dosage regimen in children (author's transl)]. 1979

E Gladtke

Dosage recommandations are mostly established empirically. With many drugs more accurate dosage is necessary and possible: antibiotics, cytostatic drugs, but also heart glycosides and anticonvulsives. Some pharmacokinetic standard values vary according to age. The distribution volume in infants is normally substantially greater than in older children. For infants the first or single dose has to be higher in relation to body weight to get the same concentration as for older children. In general, the elimination rate is slower in younger children. Therefore in long-time therapy the interval between doses has to be longer. After the 6th to 12th week the differences in elimination rates are negligible. The absorption from the rectum is neither reliable nor predictable. Suppositories are only allowed if it is possible to calculate the effect of a drug on the patient. Enteral absorption in infants is slower than in older children. Therefore maximum concentration will be reached later and will be not as high as in older children. The local concentration correlates well with plasma concentration. Drugs in bib or feeder have no effect.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007223	Infant	A child between 1 and 23 months of age.	Infants
D007408	Intestinal Absorption	Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.	Absorption, Intestinal
D007700	Kinetics	The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D012007	Rectum	The distal segment of the LARGE INTESTINE, between the SIGMOID COLON and the ANAL CANAL.	Rectums
D001835	Body Weight	The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	Body Weights,Weight, Body,Weights, Body
D002648	Child	A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL.	Children
D002675	Child, Preschool	A child between the ages of 2 and 5.	Children, Preschool,Preschool Child,Preschool Children
D004364	Pharmaceutical Preparations	Drugs intended for human or veterinary use, presented in their finished dosage form. Included here are materials used in the preparation and/or formulation of the finished dosage form.	Drug,Drugs,Pharmaceutical,Pharmaceutical Preparation,Pharmaceutical Product,Pharmaceutic Preparations,Pharmaceutical Products,Pharmaceuticals,Preparations, Pharmaceutical,Preparation, Pharmaceutical,Preparations, Pharmaceutic,Product, Pharmaceutical,Products, Pharmaceutical
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000367	Age Factors	Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.	Age Reporting,Age Factor,Factor, Age,Factors, Age