Biomaterial Database

[Activity of several the mediator systems of the brain during hyperbaric oxygenation]. 1979

T I Bondarenko, and I A Goroshinskaia

Dynamics of noradrenalin, adrenalin, dipeptide homocarnosine, GABA, hystidine, MAO activity (with noradrenalin as substrate), and homocarnosincarnosinsynthetase in the rat brain under hyperbaroxygenation, was studied. Exposure of the rats to 4 atm of oxygen for 1 hr leads to the 70--80% decrease of noradrenalin content in all brain areas. Adrenalin level does not change. MAO activity increases in hypothalamus remaining at the control level in cortex, decreases significantly in medulla oblongata, and complete inhibition of the enzyme activity occurs in the midbrain. The hyperbaric conditions cause no considerable changes in homocarnosine, GABA, and hystidine levels in all the areas under study. A profound decrease of homocarnosine content and inhibition of homocarnosine--carnosinesynthetase follows the convulsive phase of oxygen intoxication especially in the midbrain (69.9% and 50.3%, resp.).

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D008995	Monoamine Oxidase	An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of naturally occurring monoamines. It is a flavin-containing enzyme that is localized in mitochondrial membranes, whether in nerve terminals, the liver, or other organs. Monoamine oxidase is important in regulating the metabolic degradation of catecholamines and serotonin in neural or target tissues. Hepatic monoamine oxidase has a crucial defensive role in inactivating circulating monoamines or those, such as tyramine, that originate in the gut and are absorbed into the portal circulation. (From Goodman and Gilman's, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p415) EC 1.4.3.4.	Amine Oxidase (Flavin-Containing),MAO,MAO-A,MAO-B,Monoamine Oxidase A,Monoamine Oxidase B,Type A Monoamine Oxidase,Type B Monoamine Oxidase,Tyramine Oxidase,MAO A,MAO B,Oxidase, Monoamine,Oxidase, Tyramine
D009638	Norepinephrine	Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the ADRENAL MEDULLA and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers, and of the diffuse projection system in the brain that arises from the LOCUS CERULEUS. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.	Levarterenol,Levonorepinephrine,Noradrenaline,Arterenol,Levonor,Levophed,Levophed Bitartrate,Noradrenaline Bitartrate,Noradrénaline tartrate renaudin,Norepinephrin d-Tartrate (1:1),Norepinephrine Bitartrate,Norepinephrine Hydrochloride,Norepinephrine Hydrochloride, (+)-Isomer,Norepinephrine Hydrochloride, (+,-)-Isomer,Norepinephrine d-Tartrate (1:1),Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:1),Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:1), (+,-)-Isomer,Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:1), Monohydrate,Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:1), Monohydrate, (+)-Isomer,Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:2),Norepinephrine l-Tartrate, (+)-Isomer,Norepinephrine, (+)-Isomer,Norepinephrine, (+,-)-Isomer
D010453	Peptide Synthases	Ligases that catalyze the joining of adjacent AMINO ACIDS by the formation of carbon-nitrogen bonds between their carboxylic acid groups and amine groups.	Peptide Synthetases,Acid-Amino-Acid Ligases,Acid Amino Acid Ligases,Ligases, Acid-Amino-Acid,Synthases, Peptide,Synthetases, Peptide
D001921	Brain	The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.	Encephalon
D002336	Carnosine	A naturally occurring dipeptide neuropeptide found in muscles.	Carnosine Hydrochloride,Carnosine, (D-His)-Isomer,L-Carnosine,beta-Alanylhistidine,Hydrochloride, Carnosine,L Carnosine,beta Alanylhistidine
D004837	Epinephrine	The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.	Adrenaline,4-(1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl)-1,2-benzenediol,Adrenaline Acid Tartrate,Adrenaline Bitartrate,Adrenaline Hydrochloride,Epifrin,Epinephrine Acetate,Epinephrine Bitartrate,Epinephrine Hydrochloride,Epinephrine Hydrogen Tartrate,Epitrate,Lyophrin,Medihaler-Epi,Acetate, Epinephrine
D005680	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.	4-Aminobutyric Acid,GABA,4-Aminobutanoic Acid,Aminalon,Aminalone,Gammalon,Lithium GABA,gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Calcium Salt (2:1),gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Hydrochloride,gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Monolithium Salt,gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Monosodium Salt,gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Zinc Salt (2:1),4 Aminobutanoic Acid,4 Aminobutyric Acid,Acid, Hydrochloride gamma-Aminobutyric,GABA, Lithium,Hydrochloride gamma-Aminobutyric Acid,gamma Aminobutyric Acid,gamma Aminobutyric Acid, Hydrochloride,gamma Aminobutyric Acid, Monolithium Salt,gamma Aminobutyric Acid, Monosodium Salt
D006639	Histidine	An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.	Histidine, L-isomer,L-Histidine,Histidine, L isomer,L-isomer Histidine
D006931	Hyperbaric Oxygenation	The therapeutic intermittent administration of oxygen in a chamber at greater than sea-level atmospheric pressures (three atmospheres). It is considered effective treatment for air and gas embolisms, smoke inhalation, acute carbon monoxide poisoning, caisson disease, clostridial gangrene, etc. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992). The list of treatment modalities includes stroke.	Oxygenation, Hyperbaric,Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy,Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapies,Hyperbaric Oxygenations,Oxygen Therapies, Hyperbaric,Oxygen Therapy, Hyperbaric,Oxygenations, Hyperbaric,Therapies, Hyperbaric Oxygen,Therapy, Hyperbaric Oxygen