There is no specifique prophylaxis of myocardial infarction; it is identical to prophylaxis of coronary artery disease, that is elimination of risk factors and treatment of ischemic heart disease, if diagnosed in the preinfarction stage. Treatment in the postinfarction stage is dependent on symptoms. Of special importance is the diagnosis of life-threatening arrhythmias, which might necessitate prophylactic antiarrhythmic treatment. The value of "clinical" (hospitalised) rehabilitation is still debated, especially with regard to physiological and prognostic aspects. Surgery will be of increasing importance, especially aneurysmectomy (infarctectomy) and revascularization.