1 Phenylephrine (1-100 microgram/kg, intravenously) produced dose-dependent increases in heart rate and blood pressure in the pithed rat. 2 The positive chronotropic response to phenylephrine (10 microgram/kg) was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by propranolol (0.01-0.3 mg/kg), but higher doses of propranolol (up to 3 mg/kg) did not reduce the response by more than about 50%. The residual response was virtually abolished by phentolamine (0.3 mg/kg) or prazosin (3 microgram/kg). Labetalol (3 mg/kg) which has both alpha- and beta-blocking activity, also abolished the positive chronotropic response. 3 The pressor response to phenylephrine (1-30 microgram/kg) was enhanced by propranolol (1 mg/kg) and abolished by phentolamine (1 mg/kg) and prazosin (30 microgram/kg). Labetalol (3 mg/kg) reduced the response to phenylephrine by 73%. 4 Propranolol (0.3 mg/kg) completely blocked the chronotropic and vasodepressor effects of isoprenaline (0.1 microgram/kg). 5 It is concluded that phenylephrine acts on both alpha 1- and beta 1-adrenoreceptors to produce an increase in heart rate, on alpha 1-adrenoreceptors to produce vasoconstriction and on beta 2-adrenoreceptors to produce vasodilation. This latter effect is usually masked by the predominant vasoconstrictor action.