The three-dimensional distribution of dendrites from the dorsal neck muscles biventer cervicis (BC) and complexus (CM) was examined in the adult cat using intracellular staining techniques. Motoneurons were electrophysiologically identified, stained with injection of horseradish peroxidase, and reconstructed from serial histological sections. The dendritic distributions of all motoneurons examined followed an orderly pattern. Many dendrites extended rostrally and caudally to form of complex parallel collection of dendrites in the ventromedial nucleus. Other dendrites projected dorsolaterally into the spinal accessory nucleus and lateral parts of lamina VII and VIII. Dorsomedial dendrites followed a path parallel to the medial border of the ventral horn are frequently terminated near the central canal. A new scattered dendrites were usually found directly dorsal to the soma in lamina VIII. This pattern of dendritic distribution differed distinctly from the dendritic distribution of motoneurons in other spinal regions. However, in all spinal regions, including the upper cervical spinal cord where BC and CM motoneurons were found, the pattern of dendritic distribution from different motoneurons was similar if their somata were located in the same region. For 15 motoneurons with well-stained dendrites, the mean rostral-caudal extent of the dendritic tree was 2,860 micrometers. The mean total dendritic length of three of these motoneurons measured 73,100 micrometers, almost four times larger than hindlimb motoneurons involved in planter reflexes. Despite the large size of the dendritic trees of BC and CM motoneurons, the surface areas of BC and CM cell bodies were smaller than most large hindlimb motoneurons. These quantitative differences in motoneuron dimensions may in turn be reflected by differences in the electrotonic properties of motoneurons in different motoneuron nuclei.