Biomaterial Database

Urea-lysine method for recovery of enteroviruses from sludge. 1981

S R Farrah, and P R Scheuerman, and G Bitton

Enteroviruses added to sludge and indigenous viruses present in sludge were recovered by treating the sludge flocs with a 4 M urea solution buffered at pH 9 with 0.5 M lysine. Eluted viruses were absorbed to aluminum hydroxide flocs and collected by centrifugation. The flocs were solubilized with 0.1 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-3% beef extract at pH 9. After dialysis to remove the ethylenediaminetraacetic acid, viruses were further concentrated by organic flocculation. Approximately 40% of poliovirus and coxsackievirus B-3 added to 500 to 1,000 ml of sludge could be recovered in final sample volumes of less than 10 ml. Polioviruses, echoviruses, and coxsackieviruses were recovered from different samples of wastewater sludge.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008239	Lysine	An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.	Enisyl,L-Lysine,Lysine Acetate,Lysine Hydrochloride,Acetate, Lysine,L Lysine
D008828	Microbiological Techniques	Techniques used in microbiology.	Microbiologic Technic,Microbiologic Technics,Microbiologic Technique,Microbiological Technics,Technic, Microbiologic,Technics, Microbiological,Technique, Microbiologic,Techniques, Microbiologic,Microbiologic Techniques,Microbiological Technic,Microbiological Technique,Technic, Microbiological,Technics, Microbiologic,Technique, Microbiological,Techniques, Microbiological
D002498	Centrifugation	Process of using a rotating machine to generate centrifugal force to separate substances of different densities, remove moisture, or simulate gravitational effects. It employs a large motor-driven apparatus with a long arm, at the end of which human and animal subjects, biological specimens, or equipment can be revolved and rotated at various speeds to study gravitational effects. (From Websters, 10th ed; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
D004770	Enterovirus	A genus of the family PICORNAVIRIDAE whose members preferentially inhabit the intestinal tract of a variety of hosts. The genus contains many species. Newly described members of human enteroviruses are assigned continuous numbers with the species designated "human enterovirus".	Coxsackie Viruses,Coxsackieviruses
D005427	Flocculation	The aggregation of suspended solids into larger clumps.	Flocculations
D012722	Sewage	Refuse liquid or waste matter carried off by sewers.	Sludge,Sludge Flocs
D014508	Urea	A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.	Basodexan,Carbamide,Carmol
D017955	Poliovirus	A species of ENTEROVIRUS which is the causal agent of POLIOMYELITIS in humans. Three serotypes (strains) exist. Transmission is by the fecal-oral route, pharyngeal secretions, or mechanical vector (flies). Vaccines with both inactivated and live attenuated virus have proven effective in immunizing against the infection.	Brunhilde Virus,Human poliovirus 1,Human poliovirus 2,Human poliovirus 3,Lansing Virus,Leon Virus,Poliovirus Type 1,Poliovirus Type 2,Poliovirus Type 3,Polioviruses
D029822	Enterovirus B, Human	A species of ENTEROVIRUS infecting humans and containing 36 serotypes. It is comprised of all the echoviruses and a few coxsackieviruses, including all of those previously named coxsackievirus B.	Bornholm Disease Virus,Coxsackievirus A9, Human,Echoviruses,Pleurodynia Virus,Coxsackie A9 Virus,Coxsackie B Viruses,Coxsackieviruses B,Echo Viruses,Human Coxsackievirus A9,Human Enterovirus B,Swine Vesicular Disease Virus,A9 Viruses, Coxsackie,Coxsackie A9 Viruses,Coxsackie B Virus,Disease Virus, Bornholm,Echo Virus,Echovirus,Pleurodynia Viruses,Virus, Bornholm Disease,Virus, Coxsackie A9,Virus, Coxsackie B,Viruses, Coxsackie A9