Uncoupling and isotope effects in gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylation. 1984

E Holme, and S Lindstedt, and I Nordin

Replacement of unlabeled gamma-butyrobetaine with gamma-[2,3,4-2H6]butyrobetaine has a profound effect on the stoichiometry between decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate and hydroxylation in the reaction catalyzed by human gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase. The ratios between decarboxylation and hydroxylation are 1.16 with unlabeled and 7.48 with deuterated gamma-butyrobetaine as substrate. From these ratios an internal isotope effect of 41 has been calculated. DV in the overall reaction measured as 2- oxoglutarate decarboxylation is 2.5 and DV/K is 1.0. For gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase from Pseudomonas sp. AK 1, 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylation exceeds hydroxylation with 10% when deuterated gamma-butyrobetaine is used. No excess was found with unlabeled substrate and no internal isotope effect could be calculated. DV for the bacterial enzyme is 6.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007668 Kidney Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations. Kidneys
D007700 Kinetics The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D002245 Carbon Dioxide A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals. Carbonic Anhydride,Anhydride, Carbonic,Dioxide, Carbon
D002331 Carnitine A constituent of STRIATED MUSCLE and LIVER. It is an amino acid derivative and an essential cofactor for fatty acid metabolism. Bicarnesine,L-Carnitine,Levocarnitine,Vitamin BT,L Carnitine
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D006899 Mixed Function Oxygenases Widely distributed enzymes that carry out oxidation-reduction reactions in which one atom of the oxygen molecule is incorporated into the organic substrate; the other oxygen atom is reduced and combined with hydrogen ions to form water. They are also known as monooxygenases or hydroxylases. These reactions require two substrates as reductants for each of the two oxygen atoms. There are different classes of monooxygenases depending on the type of hydrogen-providing cosubstrate (COENZYMES) required in the mixed-function oxidation. Hydroxylase,Hydroxylases,Mixed Function Oxidase,Mixed Function Oxygenase,Monooxygenase,Monooxygenases,Mixed Function Oxidases,Function Oxidase, Mixed,Function Oxygenase, Mixed,Oxidase, Mixed Function,Oxidases, Mixed Function,Oxygenase, Mixed Function,Oxygenases, Mixed Function
D001622 Betaine A naturally occurring compound that has been of interest for its role in osmoregulation. As a drug, betaine hydrochloride has been used as a source of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of hypochlorhydria. Betaine has also been used in the treatment of liver disorders, for hyperkalemia, for homocystinuria, and for gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1341) Lycine,Oxyneurine,Acidin-Pepsin,Betaine Hydrochloride,C.B.B.,Citrate de Bétaïne Beaufour,Citrate de Bétaïne UPSA,Cystadane,Glycine Betaine,Hepastyl,Novobetaine,Scorbo-bétaïne,Stea-16,Acidin Pepsin,AcidinPepsin,Betaine, Glycine,Hydrochloride, Betaine,Scorbo bétaïne,Scorbobétaïne,Stea 16,Stea16
D013379 Substrate Specificity A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts. Specificities, Substrate,Specificity, Substrate,Substrate Specificities
D014316 Tritium The radioactive isotope of hydrogen also known as hydrogen-3. It contains two NEUTRONS and one PROTON in its nucleus and decays to produce low energy BETA PARTICLES. Hydrogen-3,Hydrogen 3
D050563 gamma-Butyrobetaine Dioxygenase An enzyme that catalyzes the HYDROXYLATION of gamma-butyrobetaine to L-CARNITINE. It is the last enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of L-CARNITINE and is dependent on alpha-ketoglutarate; IRON; ASCORBIC ACID; and OXYGEN. 4-Trimethylaminobutyrate, 2-Oxoglutarate Oxygen Oxidoreductase (3-Hydroxylating),Butyrobetaine Hydroxylase,Trimethylaminobutyrate Hydroxylase,gamma-Butyrobetaine Hydroxylase,gamma-Butyrobetaine, 2-Oxoglutarate Dioxygenase,gamma-Butyrobetaine,2-Oxoglutarate Dioxygenase,2-Oxoglutarate Dioxygenase gamma-Butyrobetaine,Dioxygenase gamma-Butyrobetaine, 2-Oxoglutarate,Dioxygenase, gamma-Butyrobetaine,Dioxygenase, gamma-Butyrobetaine,2-Oxoglutarate,Hydroxylase, Butyrobetaine,Hydroxylase, Trimethylaminobutyrate,Hydroxylase, gamma-Butyrobetaine,gamma Butyrobetaine Dioxygenase,gamma Butyrobetaine Hydroxylase,gamma Butyrobetaine, 2 Oxoglutarate Dioxygenase,gamma Butyrobetaine,2 Oxoglutarate Dioxygenase

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