Biomaterial Database

Halothane diminishes changes in cardiac fiber action potential duration induced by hypocarbia and hypercarbia. 1984

D F Stowe, and Z J Bosnjak, and J P Kampine

Both halothane (HAL) and acid-base changes produce cardiac arrhythmias in humans. The authors' aim was to determine if HAL alters the effects of hypercapnic acidosis and hypocapnic alkalosis on action potential (AP) properties of ventricular muscle fibers. They superfused the paced right ventricle of 15 guinea pig hearts with non-HCO3- buffered salt solution and recorded transmembrane APs with 3 M KCl microelectrodes in 35 subendocardial cells. Random changes in the fractions of HAL were made during low (12% CO2 in O2), normal (5% CO2 in O2), and high (0% CO2 in O2) pH. Compared with controls at pH 7.44, AP duration (APD) and effective refractory period (ERP) significantly decreased by 7 and 4% at pH 8.08 and increased by 7 and 9% at pH 7.09. At pH 7.44, 0.7-2.1% HAL produced no change in APD; but 2.1% increased ERP, while 3.5% HAL decreased ERP. At pH 8.08, the decrease in ERP induced with alkalosis alone was converted to an increase with 1.4 and 2.1% HAL. At pH 7.09, 0.7-1.4% HAL had no additional effect on the acidosis-induced increases in APD and ERP, but 2.1 and 2.8% HAL greatly reduced these responses. At HAL fractions greater than 1.4% the marked inverse changes in APD and ERP, induced alone by acidosis and alkalosis, were no longer significantly different from control. This study shows that the opposing effects of alkalosis to shorten and of acidosis to lengthen APD and ERP were attenuated at low levels and abolished at high levels of HAL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008564	Membrane Potentials	The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).	Resting Potentials,Transmembrane Potentials,Delta Psi,Resting Membrane Potential,Transmembrane Electrical Potential Difference,Transmembrane Potential Difference,Difference, Transmembrane Potential,Differences, Transmembrane Potential,Membrane Potential,Membrane Potential, Resting,Membrane Potentials, Resting,Potential Difference, Transmembrane,Potential Differences, Transmembrane,Potential, Membrane,Potential, Resting,Potential, Transmembrane,Potentials, Membrane,Potentials, Resting,Potentials, Transmembrane,Resting Membrane Potentials,Resting Potential,Transmembrane Potential,Transmembrane Potential Differences
D009200	Myocardial Contraction	Contractile activity of the MYOCARDIUM.	Heart Contractility,Inotropism, Cardiac,Cardiac Inotropism,Cardiac Inotropisms,Contractilities, Heart,Contractility, Heart,Contraction, Myocardial,Contractions, Myocardial,Heart Contractilities,Inotropisms, Cardiac,Myocardial Contractions
D002245	Carbon Dioxide	A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.	Carbonic Anhydride,Anhydride, Carbonic,Dioxide, Carbon
D003864	Depression, Chemical	The decrease in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, and plant; immunological, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive, neural, musculoskeletal, ocular, and skin physiological processes; or METABOLIC PROCESS, including enzymatic and other pharmacological processes, by a drug or other chemical.	Chemical Depression,Chemical Depressions,Depressions, Chemical
D006168	Guinea Pigs	A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.	Cavia,Cavia porcellus,Guinea Pig,Pig, Guinea,Pigs, Guinea
D006221	Halothane	A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178)	1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-Chloro-2-Bromoethane,Fluothane,Ftorotan,Narcotan
D006863	Hydrogen-Ion Concentration	The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH	pH,Concentration, Hydrogen-Ion,Concentrations, Hydrogen-Ion,Hydrogen Ion Concentration,Hydrogen-Ion Concentrations
D000138	Acidosis	A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	Metabolic Acidosis,Acidoses,Acidoses, Metabolic,Acidosis, Metabolic,Metabolic Acidoses
D000200	Action Potentials	Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.	Spike Potentials,Nerve Impulses,Action Potential,Impulse, Nerve,Impulses, Nerve,Nerve Impulse,Potential, Action,Potential, Spike,Potentials, Action,Potentials, Spike,Spike Potential
D000471	Alkalosis	A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids.	Alkaloses