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When human alveolar macrophages (AM) obtained by lavage of the lungs of healthy donors were incubated in medium with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) they released a factor(s) with tumor cell killing activity. This tumor cytolytic and/or cytotoxic factor(s) (TCF) was assayed by measuring its effect in inhibiting target cell growth. TCF activity was not observed in the supernatant from cultures of LPS-treated hematopoietic malignant cell lines (monocytic leukemia, B-cell leukemia and T-cell leukemia cell lines). Human TCF was significantly cytotoxic to 13 of 15 solid-tumor cell lines tested and to 7 of 9 hematopoietic malignant cell lines, but not to two different normal, nontumorigenic cell lines. TCF-rich supernatants contained low levels of interferon (IFN) activity that were not significantly cytotoxic to A-375 melanoma cells. Human TCF and IFN-alpha or IFN-beta had additive cytotoxic effects. These data suggest that human TCF released by activated human AM may be of potential use in the treatment of malignant disseminated diseases.
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