Biomaterial Database

Calcium supplementation during cardiopulmonary bypass in paediatric surgery. 1984

D F Morrell, and G G Jaros, and R Thornington

This paper reports on the monitoring of plasma ionized calcium (Ca++) levels in children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for open-heart surgery. The pump was primed with blood treated with either heparin or citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD). In certain cases calcium supplementation was used. In all cases a sudden drop in Ca++ levels took place at the start of CPB, followed by a slow recovery. In the patients who received heparinized blood the drop was slight (14%) and recovery fast (10 minutes), but in those who received CPD the drop was excessive (58%) and recovery was still incomplete after 1 hour despite supplementation with 0,5 g calcium gluconate per unit of whole blood. Different supplementation regimens were tried and the optimum was achieved by using 1 g calcium gluconate per unit of whole blood. This limited the drop in the Ca++ level to 42%, and recovery to prebypass levels took place within 45 minutes.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007223	Infant	A child between 1 and 23 months of age.	Infants
D002118	Calcium	A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.	Coagulation Factor IV,Factor IV,Blood Coagulation Factor IV,Calcium-40,Calcium 40,Factor IV, Coagulation
D002125	Calcium Gluconate	The calcium salt of gluconic acid. The compound has a variety of uses, including its use as a calcium replenisher in hypocalcemic states.	CBG,Calciofon,Calcipot,Calcium Braun,Calcivitol,Calglucon,Ebucin,Flopak Plain,Glucal,Glucobiogen,Gluconate de Calcium Lavoisier,Gluconato Calc Fresenius,Gluconate, Calcium
D002315	Cardiopulmonary Bypass	Diversion of the flow of blood from the entrance of the right atrium directly to the aorta (or femoral artery) via an oxygenator thus bypassing both the heart and lungs.	Heart-Lung Bypass,Bypass, Cardiopulmonary,Bypass, Heart-Lung,Bypasses, Cardiopulmonary,Bypasses, Heart-Lung,Cardiopulmonary Bypasses,Heart Lung Bypass,Heart-Lung Bypasses
D002648	Child	A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL.	Children
D002675	Child, Preschool	A child between the ages of 2 and 5.	Children, Preschool,Preschool Child,Preschool Children
D002951	Citrates	Derivatives of CITRIC ACID.
D005942	Gluconates	Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.	Copper Gluconate,Gluconate, Copper
D005947	Glucose	A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.	Dextrose,Anhydrous Dextrose,D-Glucose,Glucose Monohydrate,Glucose, (DL)-Isomer,Glucose, (alpha-D)-Isomer,Glucose, (beta-D)-Isomer,D Glucose,Dextrose, Anhydrous,Monohydrate, Glucose
D006493	Heparin	A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts.	Heparinic Acid,alpha-Heparin,Heparin Sodium,Liquaemin,Sodium Heparin,Unfractionated Heparin,Heparin, Sodium,Heparin, Unfractionated,alpha Heparin