Biomaterial Database

Histamine release during paediatric cardiopulmonary bypass. 1993

D E Withington, and W K Man, and M J Elliott

Department of Anaesthesia, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, U.K.

Histamine release is part of the general inflammatory response and occurs during surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in adults. Few data are available for children. Histamine release was studied in 23 children undergoing CPB with standard anaesthetic and CPB techniques. Blood sampling was performed in relation to specific anaesthetic and surgical events, e.g., start of CPB, removal of aortic clamps, reventilation of the lungs. Plasma histamine was determined by a single isotope radioenzymatic technique. There was no consistent histamine release in the study population although there was an increase in plasma histamine concentration in some subjects after initiation of CPB (P < 0.05) and on removal of the aortic cross-clamp (P < 0.05). No correlation was demonstrated between histamine concentration and systolic arterial pressure, temperature, duration of CPB or cross-clamp time. Histamine concentration was positively correlated with heart rate.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007223	Infant	A child between 1 and 23 months of age.	Infants
D011479	Protamines	A group of simple proteins that yield basic amino acids on hydrolysis and that occur combined with nucleic acid in the sperm of fish. Protamines contain very few kinds of amino acids. Protamine sulfate combines with heparin to form a stable inactive complex; it is used to neutralize the anticoagulant action of heparin in the treatment of heparin overdose. (From Merck Index, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p692)	Protamine,Protamine Sulfate,Protamine Chloride,Chloride, Protamine,Sulfate, Protamine
D012121	Respiration, Artificial	Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2).	Ventilation, Mechanical,Mechanical Ventilation,Artificial Respiration,Artificial Respirations,Mechanical Ventilations,Respirations, Artificial,Ventilations, Mechanical
D001794	Blood Pressure	PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.	Systolic Pressure,Diastolic Pressure,Pulse Pressure,Pressure, Blood,Pressure, Diastolic,Pressure, Pulse,Pressure, Systolic,Pressures, Systolic
D001831	Body Temperature	The measure of the level of heat of a human or animal.	Organ Temperature,Body Temperatures,Organ Temperatures,Temperature, Body,Temperature, Organ,Temperatures, Body,Temperatures, Organ
D002315	Cardiopulmonary Bypass	Diversion of the flow of blood from the entrance of the right atrium directly to the aorta (or femoral artery) via an oxygenator thus bypassing both the heart and lungs.	Heart-Lung Bypass,Bypass, Cardiopulmonary,Bypass, Heart-Lung,Bypasses, Cardiopulmonary,Bypasses, Heart-Lung,Cardiopulmonary Bypasses,Heart Lung Bypass,Heart-Lung Bypasses
D002648	Child	A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL.	Children
D002675	Child, Preschool	A child between the ages of 2 and 5.	Children, Preschool,Preschool Child,Preschool Children
D003521	Cyclopropanes	Three-carbon cycloparaffin cyclopropane (the structural formula (CH2)3) and its derivatives.
D006324	Heart Arrest, Induced	A procedure to stop the contraction of MYOCARDIUM during HEART SURGERY. It is usually achieved with the use of chemicals (CARDIOPLEGIC SOLUTIONS) or cold temperature (such as chilled perfusate).	Cardiac Arrest, Induced,Cardioplegia,Induced Cardiac Arrest,Induced Heart Arrest,Cardioplegias