Biomaterial Database

Oxidation of lactaldehyde by cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase and inhibition of cytosolic and mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase by metabolites. 1984

S Ray, and M Ray

An enzyme fraction which oxidizes lactaldehyde to lactic acid has been purified from goat liver. This enzyme was found to be identical with the cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase. Lactaldehyde was found to be primarily oxidized by this enzyme. Almost 90% of the total lactaldehyde-oxidizing activity is located in the cytosol. Methylglyoxal and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate were found to be strong competitive inhibitors of this enzyme. Aldehyde dehydrogenase from goat liver mitochondria has also been partially purified and found to be strongly inhibited by these metabolites. The inhibitory effects of these metabolites on both these enzymes are highly pH dependent. The inhibitory effects of both the metabolites have been found to be stronger for the cytosolic enzyme at pH values higher than the physiological pH. For the mitochondrial enzyme, the inhibition with methylglyoxal was more pronounced at higher pH values, whereas stronger inhibition was observed with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate at physiological pH.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007527	Isoenzymes	Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.	Alloenzyme,Allozyme,Isoenzyme,Isozyme,Isozymes,Alloenzymes,Allozymes
D007700	Kinetics	The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D008099	Liver	A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.	Livers
D008930	Mitochondria, Liver	Mitochondria in hepatocytes. As in all mitochondria, there are an outer membrane and an inner membrane, together creating two separate mitochondrial compartments: the internal matrix space and a much narrower intermembrane space. In the liver mitochondrion, an estimated 67% of the total mitochondrial proteins is located in the matrix. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p343-4)	Liver Mitochondria,Liver Mitochondrion,Mitochondrion, Liver
D011765	Pyruvaldehyde	An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.	Acetylformaldehyde,Methylglyoxal,Oxopropanal,Pyruvic Aldehyde,Aldehyde, Pyruvic
D003600	Cytosol	Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after removal of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic components.	Cytosols
D005986	Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate	An aldotriose which is an important intermediate in glycolysis and in tryptophan biosynthesis.	3-Phosphoglyceraldehyde,3 Phosphoglyceraldehyde,Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate
D006041	Goats	Any of numerous agile, hollow-horned RUMINANTS of the genus Capra, in the family Bovidae, closely related to the SHEEP.	Capra,Capras,Goat
D006863	Hydrogen-Ion Concentration	The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH	pH,Concentration, Hydrogen-Ion,Concentrations, Hydrogen-Ion,Hydrogen Ion Concentration,Hydrogen-Ion Concentrations
D000444	Aldehyde Dehydrogenase	An enzyme that oxidizes an aldehyde in the presence of NAD+ and water to an acid and NADH. This enzyme was formerly classified as EC 1.1.1.70.	D-Glucuronolactone Dehydrogenase,Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (NAD(+)),Aldehyde Dehydrogenase E1,Aldehyde Dehydrogenase E2,Aldehyde-NAD Oxidoreductase,Aldehyde NAD Oxidoreductase,D Glucuronolactone Dehydrogenase,Dehydrogenase, Aldehyde,Dehydrogenase, D-Glucuronolactone