Biomaterial Database

Effects of alkyl-substituted gamma-butyrolactones and succinimides on the evoked and spontaneous activity of hippocampal slices in vitro. 1983

J A Ferrendelli, and A C McKeon, and W E Klunk

Alkyl-substituted and unsubstituted derivatives of gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), and succinimide were tested for their effects on the evoked potential (EP) and spontaneous activity of hippocampal slices incubated in vitro. When tested alone, only beta-ethyl-beta-methyl-GBL (beta-EMGBL) and tetramethylsuccinimide (TMSM) had any effect, producing greatly augmented EPs and spontaneous epileptiform discharges. The nonexcitatory drugs were also tested for the ability to block the excitation produced by beta-EMGBL, TMSM, and penicillin. The unsubstituted compounds had no effect on the augmented EP induced by any of the convulsants. The alpha-ethyl-alpha-methyl-substituted GBL (alpha-EMGBL) and ethosuximide (ESM), blocked the augmented EP induced by beta-EMGBL and TMSM but not that induced by penicillin. The spontaneous activity induced by all three excitatory agents was blocked by GHB. Unsubstituted succinimide had no effect on spontaneous activity. The spontaneous activity produced by beta-EMGBL and TMSM was blocked by alpha-EMGBL, but ESM blocked only that induced by TMSM. Neither alpha-EMGBL nor ESM blocked the spontaneous activity produced by penicillin. We conclude that the ability to block the EP more closely parallels in vivo anticonvulsant activity whereas effects on the spontaneous activity may be more related to neuronal depressant effects. The alkyl-substituted GBLs and succinimides had very similar, albeit not identical, effects on incubated hippocampal slices. That may indicate that they have a similar but not a common mechanism of action.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D005071	Evoked Potentials	Electrical responses recorded from nerve, muscle, SENSORY RECEPTOR, or area of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM following stimulation. They range from less than a microvolt to several microvolts. The evoked potential can be auditory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, AUDITORY), somatosensory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, SOMATOSENSORY), visual (EVOKED POTENTIALS, VISUAL), or motor (EVOKED POTENTIALS, MOTOR), or other modalities that have been reported.	Event Related Potential,Event-Related Potentials,Evoked Potential,N100 Evoked Potential,P50 Evoked Potential,N1 Wave,N100 Evoked Potentials,N2 Wave,N200 Evoked Potentials,N3 Wave,N300 Evoked Potentials,N4 Wave,N400 Evoked Potentials,P2 Wave,P200 Evoked Potentials,P50 Evoked Potentials,P50 Wave,P600 Evoked Potentials,Potentials, Event-Related,Event Related Potentials,Event-Related Potential,Evoked Potential, N100,Evoked Potential, N200,Evoked Potential, N300,Evoked Potential, N400,Evoked Potential, P200,Evoked Potential, P50,Evoked Potential, P600,Evoked Potentials, N100,Evoked Potentials, N200,Evoked Potentials, N300,Evoked Potentials, N400,Evoked Potentials, P200,Evoked Potentials, P50,Evoked Potentials, P600,N1 Waves,N2 Waves,N200 Evoked Potential,N3 Waves,N300 Evoked Potential,N4 Waves,N400 Evoked Potential,P2 Waves,P200 Evoked Potential,P50 Waves,P600 Evoked Potential,Potential, Event Related,Potential, Event-Related,Potential, Evoked,Potentials, Event Related,Potentials, Evoked,Potentials, N400 Evoked,Related Potential, Event,Related Potentials, Event,Wave, N1,Wave, N2,Wave, N3,Wave, N4,Wave, P2,Wave, P50,Waves, N1,Waves, N2,Waves, N3,Waves, N4,Waves, P2,Waves, P50
D005260	Female		Females
D005663	Furans	Compounds with a 5-membered ring of four carbons and an oxygen. They are aromatic heterocycles. The reduced form is tetrahydrofuran.	Tetrahydrofurans
D006168	Guinea Pigs	A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.	Cavia,Cavia porcellus,Guinea Pig,Pig, Guinea,Pigs, Guinea
D006624	Hippocampus	A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.	Ammon Horn,Cornu Ammonis,Hippocampal Formation,Subiculum,Ammon's Horn,Hippocampus Proper,Ammons Horn,Formation, Hippocampal,Formations, Hippocampal,Hippocampal Formations,Hippocampus Propers,Horn, Ammon,Horn, Ammon's,Proper, Hippocampus,Propers, Hippocampus,Subiculums
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012978	Sodium Oxybate	The sodium salt of 4-hydroxybutyric acid. It is used for both induction and maintenance of ANESTHESIA.	4-Hydroxybutyrate Sodium,Oxybate Sodium,Sodium Oxybutyrate,Sodium gamma-Hydroxybutyrate,gamma-Hydroxybutyrate,Somsanit,Xyrem,4 Hydroxybutyrate Sodium,Oxybate, Sodium,Oxybutyrate, Sodium,Sodium gamma Hydroxybutyrate,gamma Hydroxybutyrate
D013388	Succinimides	A subclass of IMIDES with the general structure of pyrrolidinedione. They are prepared by the distillation of ammonium succinate. They are sweet-tasting compounds that are used as chemical intermediates and plant growth stimulants.	Butanimides,Pyrrolidinediones
D015107	4-Butyrolactone	One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.	1,4-Butanolide,4-Hydroxybutyric Acid Lactone,Furanone, tetrahydro-2-,gamma-Butyrolactone,Dihydro-2(3H)-furanone,1,4 Butanolide,4 Butyrolactone,4 Hydroxybutyric Acid Lactone,Furanone, tetrahydro 2,Lactone, 4-Hydroxybutyric Acid,gamma Butyrolactone
D066298	In Vitro Techniques	Methods to study reactions or processes taking place in an artificial environment outside the living organism.	In Vitro Test,In Vitro Testing,In Vitro Tests,In Vitro as Topic,In Vitro,In Vitro Technique,In Vitro Testings,Technique, In Vitro,Techniques, In Vitro,Test, In Vitro,Testing, In Vitro,Testings, In Vitro,Tests, In Vitro,Vitro Testing, In