Biomaterial Database

Whole body oxygen consumption in awake, sleeping, and anesthetized dogs. 1984

M Mikat, and J Peters, and M Zindler, and J O Arndt

To study the metabolic effects of anesthesia, whole-body oxygen consumption (VO2) was compared on 242 occasions in six dogs under standard conditions while awake, sleeping, or anesthetized. The dogs were trained to lie unrestrained in the lateral position for the measurement of VO2 (STPD) in the unanesthetized state. Arterial blood gas tensions, pHa, heart rate, and blood pressure also were determined. The maximum VO2 of the alert resting and the minimum of the drowsy resting state averaged (+/- SE) 5.57 +/- 0.48 and 3.97 +/- 0.41 ml X kg-1 X min-1, respectively. VO2 was lowest and least fluctuating during natural sleep (2.46 +/- 0.2 ml X kg-1 X min-1). During deep anesthesia with methohexital, thiopental, and etomidate, VO2 averaged (+/- SE) 4.68 +/- 0.26, 4.26 +/- 0.28, and 4.77 +/- 0.35 ml X kg-1 X min-1 during spontaneous ventilation (open-circuit flow-through technique) and 3.54 +/- 0.27 ml X kg-1 X min-1 during controlled ventilation (open-circuit collection technique) with 2% halothane. Anesthesia reduces VO2 relative to the resting values of the alert state but increases it relative to that of natural sleep. Accordingly, anesthetics should not be considered general metabolic depressants without qualification.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008723	Methohexital	An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.	Methohexitone,Brevimytal Natrium,Brevital,Brietal,Brietal-Sodium,Methohexital Sodium,Methohexital, Monosodium Salt,Brietal Sodium,Monosodium Salt Methohexital,Natrium, Brevimytal,Sodium, Methohexital
D010101	Oxygen Consumption	The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)	Consumption, Oxygen,Consumptions, Oxygen,Oxygen Consumptions
D012016	Reference Values	The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.	Normal Range,Normal Values,Reference Ranges,Normal Ranges,Normal Value,Range, Normal,Range, Reference,Ranges, Normal,Ranges, Reference,Reference Range,Reference Value,Value, Normal,Value, Reference,Values, Normal,Values, Reference
D004285	Dogs	The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)	Canis familiaris,Dog
D006221	Halothane	A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178)	1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-Chloro-2-Bromoethane,Fluothane,Ftorotan,Narcotan
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000768	Anesthesia, General	Procedure in which patients are induced into an unconscious state through use of various medications so that they do not feel pain during surgery.	Anesthesias, General,General Anesthesia,General Anesthesias
D000771	Anesthesia, Intravenous	Process of administering an anesthetic through injection directly into the bloodstream.	Anesthesias, Intravenous,Intravenous Anesthesia,Intravenous Anesthesias
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012890	Sleep	A readily reversible suspension of sensorimotor interaction with the environment, usually associated with recumbency and immobility.	Sleep Habits,Sleeping Habit,Sleeping Habits,Habit, Sleep,Habit, Sleeping,Habits, Sleep,Habits, Sleeping,Sleep Habit