Biomaterial Database

Sensitivity of the cat to delayed neurotoxicity induced by O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate. 1983

M B Abou-Donia, and D G Graham, and C G Kinnes

Delayed neurotoxicity was produced in cats following the administration of either a single dermal dose of 22.5 to 225 mg/kg (0.2 to 5.0 times the LD50) or subchronic (90 days) administration of 0.5 to 2.0 mg/kg of technical grade O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate (EPN). The study showed three differences from the condition produced in the chicken: difficulty to protect from acute poisoning, slower progression of delayed neurotoxicity, and propensity for improvement. These animals received atropine sulfate and pyridine-2-aldoxime methyl chloride (PAM) to protect them against acute poisoning, but most developed signs of acute cholinergic neurotoxicity, the degree of severity being dose dependent. Also cats given small single doses of EPN showed only leg weakness, while those treated with large doses progressed to severe ataxia and death. In cats treated with subchronic dermal daily doses of EPN, the extent and permanence of injury and progression or improvement of neurologic deficit also depended on the dose size and duration of exposure. Histopathologic changes were present in the most distal portion of the longest tracts in both the central and peripheral nervous system. Ascending tracts were most affected in the cervical spinal cord, while change in the descending tracts was concentrated in the lumbosacral spinal cord. Recovery to a varying degree from delayed neurotoxicity was seen in all surviving cats. The recovery was demonstrated as improvement in clinical signs, increase in body weight, and regeneration of peripheral nerves.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007306	Insecticides	Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.	Insecticide
D007928	Lethal Dose 50	The dose amount of poisonous or toxic substance or dose of ionizing radiation required to kill 50% of the tested population.	LD50,Dose 50, Lethal
D008297	Male		Males
D009410	Nerve Degeneration	Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	Neuron Degeneration,Degeneration, Nerve,Degeneration, Neuron,Degenerations, Nerve,Degenerations, Neuron,Nerve Degenerations,Neuron Degenerations
D009420	Nervous System	The entire nerve apparatus, composed of a central part, the brain and spinal cord, and a peripheral part, the cranial and spinal nerves, autonomic ganglia, and plexuses. (Stedman, 26th ed)	Nervous Systems,System, Nervous,Systems, Nervous
D010291	Paresis	A general term referring to a mild to moderate degree of muscular weakness, occasionally used as a synonym for PARALYSIS (severe or complete loss of motor function). In the older literature, paresis often referred specifically to paretic neurosyphilis (see NEUROSYPHILIS). "General paresis" and "general paralysis" may still carry that connotation. Bilateral lower extremity paresis is referred to as PARAPARESIS.	Hemiparesis,Muscle Paresis,Brachial Paresis,Crural Paresis,Lower Extremity Paresis,Monoparesis,Muscular Paresis,Upper Extremity Paresis,Brachial Pareses,Crural Pareses,Extremity Pareses, Lower,Extremity Pareses, Upper,Extremity Paresis, Lower,Extremity Paresis, Upper,Hemipareses,Lower Extremity Pareses,Monopareses,Muscle Pareses,Muscular Pareses,Pareses,Pareses, Brachial,Pareses, Crural,Pareses, Lower Extremity,Pareses, Muscle,Pareses, Muscular,Pareses, Upper Extremity,Paresis, Brachial,Paresis, Crural,Paresis, Lower Extremity,Paresis, Muscle,Paresis, Muscular,Paresis, Upper Extremity,Upper Extremity Pareses
D010525	Peripheral Nerves	The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. The connective tissue layers include, from the outside to the inside, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium.	Endoneurium,Epineurium,Perineurium,Endoneuriums,Epineuriums,Nerve, Peripheral,Nerves, Peripheral,Perineuriums,Peripheral Nerve
D001835	Body Weight	The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	Body Weights,Weight, Body,Weights, Body
D002415	Cats	The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)	Felis catus,Felis domesticus,Domestic Cats,Felis domestica,Felis sylvestris catus,Cat,Cat, Domestic,Cats, Domestic,Domestic Cat
D004849	Phenylphosphonothioic Acid, 2-Ethyl 2-(4-Nitrophenyl) Ester	An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as a acaricide.	ENT-17,798,EPN-300,O-Ethyl-O-(4-nitrophenyl)phenylphosphonothioate,ENT 17,798,ENT17,798,EPN 300,EPN300