A 43-year-old man with acute undifferentiated leukemia developed high fever and stomatitis followed by severe abdominal pain after completion of a first course of chemotherapy. A 99mTc-sulfur colloid (SC) scan showed multiple, irregular defects in an enlarged spleen. A 67Ga-citrate scan showed uniform tracer distribution except for a large defect in the upper portion of the spleen. The size of the spleen in the 67Ga-scan was much larger than in the SC scan. At surgery an abscess cavity was found between the spleen and the greater gastric curvature with multiple smaller abscesses on the splenic capsule and throughout the splenic parenchyma. A hematoma was present in the upper pole of the spleen. The disparate splenic size and seemingly discordant distribution patterns of tracer in the 99mTc- and 67Ga-scans were fully explained by histopathological study of the surgically resected spleen.