Biomaterial Database

Non-adrenergic inhibitory nerves and putative transmitters in the smooth muscle of cat trachea. 1982

Y Ito, and K Takeda

1. Effects of non-adrenergic non-cholinergic inhibitory nerve stimulation on the smooth muscle of the cat trachea were studied in vitro using micro-electrode, double sucrose-gap and tension recording methods.2. Electrical field stimulation with a short pulse (50 mus) evoked an excitatory junction potential (e.j.p.) followed by a twitch, with or without a subsequent small, long-lasting relaxation. This response was abolished by tetrodotoxin (5 x 10(-7) M).3. After pre-treatment with atropine (10(-7) to 5 x 10(-6) M) both e.j.p. and twitch tension were selectively blocked and repetitive stimuli at 20 Hz evoked in some preparations slow membrane hyperpolarization followed by long-lasting relaxation. These effects were abolished by propranolol (2 x 10(-6) M). In the presence of atropine (10(-6) M) and propranolol (2 x 10(-6) M) field stimulation caused no detectable change in tension, membrane potential or membrane resistance.4. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (10(-6) to 5 x 10(-6) M) produced a tonic contracture of the cat trachea. In the presence of atropine, field stimulation induced a marked reduction in the amplitude of the contracture which was only partly suppressed by propranolol (5 x 10(-6) M). During this muscle relaxation, produced by field stimulation in the presence of 5-HT, atropine and propranolol, there was no apparent change in the membrane potential or in membrane resistance. The magnitude of the relaxation was proportional to the number of stimuli applied.5. ATP (< 10(-3) M) and VIP (< 10(-9) M) had no effect on the membrane potential or resistance of the smooth muscle cells of the cat trachea, although higher concentrations of VIP (> 10(-8) M) hyperpolarized the membrane and reduced the membrane resistance. Low concentrations, i.e. ATP 5 x 10(-6) M or VIP 10(-12) M, which had no effects in the electrical membrane properties, caused relaxation of the muscle contracture evoked by 5-HT.6. After desensitization to exogenous ATP or adenosine, in the presence or absence of dipyridamole (2 x 10(-7) M), the amplitude of the muscle relaxation evoked by the activation of non-adrenergic inhibitory nerves was not affected. It was, however, much smaller during partial desensitization to VIP.7. These results indicate that cat tracheal smooth muscles are innervated by non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory nerves, which cause muscle relaxation without affecting the electrical membrane properties. The possible involvements of ATP or VIP in the inhibitory nervous transmission is discussed.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008564	Membrane Potentials	The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).	Resting Potentials,Transmembrane Potentials,Delta Psi,Resting Membrane Potential,Transmembrane Electrical Potential Difference,Transmembrane Potential Difference,Difference, Transmembrane Potential,Differences, Transmembrane Potential,Membrane Potential,Membrane Potential, Resting,Membrane Potentials, Resting,Potential Difference, Transmembrane,Potential Differences, Transmembrane,Potential, Membrane,Potential, Resting,Potential, Transmembrane,Potentials, Membrane,Potentials, Resting,Potentials, Transmembrane,Resting Membrane Potentials,Resting Potential,Transmembrane Potential,Transmembrane Potential Differences
D009126	Muscle Relaxation	That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.	Muscle Relaxations,Relaxation, Muscle,Relaxations, Muscle
D009130	Muscle, Smooth	Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	Muscle, Involuntary,Smooth Muscle,Involuntary Muscle,Involuntary Muscles,Muscles, Involuntary,Muscles, Smooth,Smooth Muscles
D009469	Neuromuscular Junction	The synapse between a neuron and a muscle.	Myoneural Junction,Nerve-Muscle Preparation,Junction, Myoneural,Junction, Neuromuscular,Junctions, Myoneural,Junctions, Neuromuscular,Myoneural Junctions,Nerve Muscle Preparation,Nerve-Muscle Preparations,Neuromuscular Junctions,Preparation, Nerve-Muscle,Preparations, Nerve-Muscle
D010275	Parasympathetic Nervous System	The craniosacral division of the autonomic nervous system. The cell bodies of the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are in brain stem nuclei and in the sacral spinal cord. They synapse in cranial autonomic ganglia or in terminal ganglia near target organs. The parasympathetic nervous system generally acts to conserve resources and restore homeostasis, often with effects reciprocal to the sympathetic nervous system.	Nervous System, Parasympathetic,Nervous Systems, Parasympathetic,Parasympathetic Nervous Systems,System, Parasympathetic Nervous,Systems, Parasympathetic Nervous
D002415	Cats	The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)	Felis catus,Felis domesticus,Domestic Cats,Felis domestica,Felis sylvestris catus,Cat,Cat, Domestic,Cats, Domestic,Domestic Cat
D004594	Electrophysiology	The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.
D006168	Guinea Pigs	A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.	Cavia,Cavia porcellus,Guinea Pig,Pig, Guinea,Pigs, Guinea
D000255	Adenosine Triphosphate	An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.	ATP,Adenosine Triphosphate, Calcium Salt,Adenosine Triphosphate, Chromium Salt,Adenosine Triphosphate, Magnesium Salt,Adenosine Triphosphate, Manganese Salt,Adenylpyrophosphate,CaATP,CrATP,Manganese Adenosine Triphosphate,MgATP,MnATP,ATP-MgCl2,Adenosine Triphosphate, Chromium Ammonium Salt,Adenosine Triphosphate, Magnesium Chloride,Atriphos,Chromium Adenosine Triphosphate,Cr(H2O)4 ATP,Magnesium Adenosine Triphosphate,Striadyne,ATP MgCl2
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia