-transparent.png){kind=logo}
Radiographic studies of 161 patients with a stricture within the cardiac sphincter segment showed that in appropriate circumstances all patients could herniate stomach and reflux barium freely, but that the sphincter could obliterate the lumen and sustain this contraction by its basal tone in at least 122. The sphincter could also relax and contract in response to a swallow. The capacity to remain closed depended on the position of the patient and on circumstances in which hiatal flow and reflux did not occur. Manometric studies of the cardiac sphincter were made in a further 14 patients with a stricture in the sphincter segment, and appropriate circumstances the "basal tone" of the sphincter was found to be within our range of normal.
R Lobello, and
M Stekelman, and
D A Edwards
January 1973,
Acta hepato-gastroenterologica,
R Lobello, and
M Stekelman, and
D A Edwards
December 1972,
South African journal of surgery. Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir chirurgie,
R Lobello, and
M Stekelman, and
D A Edwards
April 1996,
Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie,
R Lobello, and
M Stekelman, and
D A Edwards
July 1970,
Lancet (London, England),
R Lobello, and
M Stekelman, and
D A Edwards
January 1993,
Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland),
R Lobello, and
M Stekelman, and
D A Edwards
September 1973,
Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England,
R Lobello, and
M Stekelman, and
D A Edwards
December 1996,
British journal of anaesthesia,
R Lobello, and
M Stekelman, and
D A Edwards
March 1991,
Anaesthesia,
R Lobello, and
M Stekelman, and
D A Edwards
May 1998,
Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie,
R Lobello, and
M Stekelman, and
D A Edwards
February 1976,
The British journal of surgery,
