Biomaterial Database

Excitatory innervation of caudal hypoglossal nucleus from nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis in the rat. 1995

C C Yang, and J Y Chan, and S H Chan

Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.

We examined the possible innervation of the caudal hypoglossal nucleus by the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis of the medulla oblongata, based on single-neuron recording and retrograde tracing experiments in Sprague-Dawley rats. Under pentobarbital sodium (50 mg/kg, i.p.) anesthesia, electrical stimulation of the caudal portion of the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis with repetitive 0.5-ms rectangular pulses increased (46 of 51 neurons) the basal discharge frequency of spontaneously active cells, or evoked spike activity in silent, hypoglossal neurons located at the level of the obex. This excitatory effect was related to the intensity (25-100 microA) and/or frequency (0.5-20 Hz) of the stimulating pulses to the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis. Perikaryal activation of neurons by microinjection of L-glutamate (0.5 nmol, 25 nl) into the caudal portion of the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis similarly produced an excitatory action on eight of 14 hypoglossal neurons. Retrogradely labeled neurons were found bilaterally within the confines of the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis following unilateral microinjection of wheatgerm agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase or Fast Blue into the corresponding hypoglossal recording sites. Furthermore, the distribution of labeled neurons in the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis substantially overlapped with the loci of electrical or chemical stimulation. These complementary electrophysiological and neuroanatomical results support the conclusion that an excitatory link exists between the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis and at least the caudal portion of the hypoglossal nucleus in the rat.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007002	Hypoglossal Nerve	The 12th cranial nerve. The hypoglossal nerve originates in the hypoglossal nucleus of the medulla and supplies motor innervation to all of the muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus (which is supplied by the vagus). This nerve also contains proprioceptive afferents from the tongue muscles.	Cranial Nerve XII,Twelfth Cranial Nerve,Nerve XII,Nervus Hypoglossus,Cranial Nerve XIIs,Cranial Nerve, Twelfth,Cranial Nerves, Twelfth,Hypoglossal Nerves,Hypoglossus, Nervus,Nerve XII, Cranial,Nerve XIIs,Nerve XIIs, Cranial,Nerve, Hypoglossal,Nerve, Twelfth Cranial,Nerves, Hypoglossal,Nerves, Twelfth Cranial,Twelfth Cranial Nerves,XII, Nerve,XIIs, Nerve
D008297	Male		Males
D008526	Medulla Oblongata	The lower portion of the BRAIN STEM. It is inferior to the PONS and anterior to the CEREBELLUM. Medulla oblongata serves as a relay station between the brain and the spinal cord, and contains centers for regulating respiratory, vasomotor, cardiac, and reflex activities.	Accessory Cuneate Nucleus,Ambiguous Nucleus,Arcuate Nucleus of the Medulla,Arcuate Nucleus-1,External Cuneate Nucleus,Lateral Cuneate Nucleus,Nucleus Ambiguus,Ambiguus, Nucleus,Arcuate Nucleus 1,Arcuate Nucleus-1s,Cuneate Nucleus, Accessory,Cuneate Nucleus, External,Cuneate Nucleus, Lateral,Medulla Oblongatas,Nucleus, Accessory Cuneate,Nucleus, Ambiguous,Nucleus, External Cuneate,Nucleus, Lateral Cuneate
D009046	Motor Neurons	Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.	Neurons, Motor,Alpha Motorneurons,Motoneurons,Motor Neurons, Alpha,Neurons, Alpha Motor,Alpha Motor Neuron,Alpha Motor Neurons,Alpha Motorneuron,Motoneuron,Motor Neuron,Motor Neuron, Alpha,Motorneuron, Alpha,Motorneurons, Alpha,Neuron, Alpha Motor,Neuron, Motor
D009434	Neural Pathways	Neural tracts connecting one part of the nervous system with another.	Neural Interconnections,Interconnection, Neural,Interconnections, Neural,Neural Interconnection,Neural Pathway,Pathway, Neural,Pathways, Neural
D004558	Electric Stimulation	Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.	Stimulation, Electric,Electrical Stimulation,Electric Stimulations,Electrical Stimulations,Stimulation, Electrical,Stimulations, Electric,Stimulations, Electrical
D004594	Electrophysiology	The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.
D005110	Extracellular Space	Interstitial space between cells, occupied by INTERSTITIAL FLUID as well as amorphous and fibrous substances. For organisms with a CELL WALL, the extracellular space includes everything outside of the CELL MEMBRANE including the PERIPLASM and the cell wall.	Intercellular Space,Extracellular Spaces,Intercellular Spaces,Space, Extracellular,Space, Intercellular,Spaces, Extracellular,Spaces, Intercellular
D005456	Fluorescent Dyes	Chemicals that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.	Flourescent Agent,Fluorescent Dye,Fluorescent Probe,Fluorescent Probes,Fluorochrome,Fluorochromes,Fluorogenic Substrates,Fluorescence Agents,Fluorescent Agents,Fluorogenic Substrate,Agents, Fluorescence,Agents, Fluorescent,Dyes, Fluorescent,Probes, Fluorescent,Substrates, Fluorogenic
D006651	Histocytochemistry	Study of intracellular distribution of chemicals, reaction sites, enzymes, etc., by means of staining reactions, radioactive isotope uptake, selective metal distribution in electron microscopy, or other methods.	Cytochemistry