Chronic allergen exposure enhances cholinergic neurotransmission in sensitized guinea-pigs. 1995

N Kageyama, and A Igarashi, and M Ichinose, and M Miura, and H Yamauchi, and M Tomaki, and J Ishikawa, and Y Sasaki, and K Shirato
First Department of Internal Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.

Airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic patients may be related to cholinergic hyperresponsiveness. In this study, we examined whether chronic allergen exposure induces cholinergic hyperresponsiveness in ovalbumin (OA) sensitized guinea-pig airways. Three weeks after active sensitization, ovalbumin (0.03%, for 3 min, challenged group) or saline inhalation (control group) was repeated every day for 4 weeks. Cholinergic responses were assessed by isometric tracheal contraction after electrical field stimulation (EFS) or exogenously applied acetylcholine (ACh). The contractions were expressed as a percentage of the maximum response to ACh (10(-3) M) (AChmax). We calculated the effective frequencies producing 25% of AChmax (EF25) from frequency-response curves. EFS-induced contractile responses were significantly enhanced in the challenged group (logEF25 = 0.66 +/- 0.08 (mean +/- SEM)) compared with the control group (logEF25 = 1.12 +/- 0.16). In contrast, exogenous ACh-mediated contractile tracheal responses were almost the same in both groups. We conclude that repeated allergen inhalation causes cholinergic airway hyperresponsiveness, presumably due to the facilitation of cholinergic neurotransmission. This mechanism may be involved in the airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic airways.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D009130 Muscle, Smooth Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed) Muscle, Involuntary,Smooth Muscle,Involuntary Muscle,Involuntary Muscles,Muscles, Involuntary,Muscles, Smooth,Smooth Muscles
D009435 Synaptic Transmission The communication from a NEURON to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a SYNAPSE. In chemical synaptic transmission, the presynaptic neuron releases a NEUROTRANSMITTER that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific synaptic receptors, activating them. The activated receptors modulate specific ion channels and/or second-messenger systems in the postsynaptic cell. In electrical synaptic transmission, electrical signals are communicated as an ionic current flow across ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES. Neural Transmission,Neurotransmission,Transmission, Neural,Transmission, Synaptic
D010047 Ovalbumin An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily. Serpin B14
D010275 Parasympathetic Nervous System The craniosacral division of the autonomic nervous system. The cell bodies of the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are in brain stem nuclei and in the sacral spinal cord. They synapse in cranial autonomic ganglia or in terminal ganglia near target organs. The parasympathetic nervous system generally acts to conserve resources and restore homeostasis, often with effects reciprocal to the sympathetic nervous system. Nervous System, Parasympathetic,Nervous Systems, Parasympathetic,Parasympathetic Nervous Systems,System, Parasympathetic Nervous,Systems, Parasympathetic Nervous
D004558 Electric Stimulation Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses. Stimulation, Electric,Electrical Stimulation,Electric Stimulations,Electrical Stimulations,Stimulation, Electrical,Stimulations, Electric,Stimulations, Electrical
D006168 Guinea Pigs A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research. Cavia,Cavia porcellus,Guinea Pig,Pig, Guinea,Pigs, Guinea
D000109 Acetylcholine A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system. 2-(Acetyloxy)-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium,Acetilcolina Cusi,Acetylcholine Bromide,Acetylcholine Chloride,Acetylcholine Fluoride,Acetylcholine Hydroxide,Acetylcholine Iodide,Acetylcholine L-Tartrate,Acetylcholine Perchlorate,Acetylcholine Picrate,Acetylcholine Picrate (1:1),Acetylcholine Sulfate (1:1),Bromoacetylcholine,Chloroacetylcholine,Miochol,Acetylcholine L Tartrate,Bromide, Acetylcholine,Cusi, Acetilcolina,Fluoride, Acetylcholine,Hydroxide, Acetylcholine,Iodide, Acetylcholine,L-Tartrate, Acetylcholine,Perchlorate, Acetylcholine
D000485 Allergens Antigen-type substances that produce immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE). Allergen
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia

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