Biomaterial Database

Therapeutic efficacy of sodium nitrite and 4-dimethylaminophenol or hydroxylamine co-administration against cyanide poisoning in rats. 1995

R Bhattacharya

Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India.

1. The therapeutic efficacy of combined treatment of sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and 4-dimethylaminophenol (DMAP) or hydroxylamine (H2NOH) was investigated in potassium cyanide (KCN) intoxication in male rats. 2. Therapy with NaNO2 (0.27 mmol kg-1) + DMAP (0.09 mmol kg-1) or NaNO2 + H2NOH (0.09 mmol kg-1, produced a protection index (ratio of LD50 of KCN in rats receiving therapy to an LD50 of KCN in rats given only 0.9% saline) of 2.5 and 2.0 respectively. 3. Both the regimens exhibited a beneficial effect in terms of improving the survival time and postural defects in rats exposed to 2 LD50 KCN. 4. NaNO2 + DMAP showed a significant protective effect in the disposition of the plasma cyanide level at different time intervals. 5. The NaNO2 + DMAP regimen was superior to NaNO2 + N2NOH in terms of reactivating the inhibited brain cytochrome oxidase enzyme. 6. The addition of sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3) in both the regimens increased the degree of protection. 7. The results suggest that combined therapy with NaNO2 + DMAP could significantly reduce the toxic effects of cyanide, compared with NaNO2+H2NOH treatment.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D001921	Brain	The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.	Encephalon
D003486	Cyanides	Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.	Cyanide,Isocyanide,Isocyanides
D003576	Electron Transport Complex IV	A multisubunit enzyme complex containing CYTOCHROME A GROUP; CYTOCHROME A3; two copper atoms; and 13 different protein subunits. It is the terminal oxidase complex of the RESPIRATORY CHAIN and collects electrons that are transferred from the reduced CYTOCHROME C GROUP and donates them to molecular OXYGEN, which is then reduced to water. The redox reaction is simultaneously coupled to the transport of PROTONS across the inner mitochondrial membrane.	Cytochrome Oxidase,Cytochrome aa3,Cytochrome-c Oxidase,Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit III,Cytochrome a,a3,Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit VIa,Cytochrome-c Oxidase (Complex IV),Cytochrome-c Oxidase Subunit III,Cytochrome-c Oxidase Subunit IV,Ferrocytochrome c Oxygen Oxidoreductase,Heme aa3 Cytochrome Oxidase,Pre-CTOX p25,Signal Peptide p25-Subunit IV Cytochrome Oxidase,Subunit III, Cytochrome Oxidase,p25 Presequence Peptide-Cytochrome Oxidase,Cytochrome c Oxidase,Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit III,Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit IV,Oxidase, Cytochrome,Oxidase, Cytochrome-c,Signal Peptide p25 Subunit IV Cytochrome Oxidase,p25 Presequence Peptide Cytochrome Oxidase
D006454	Hemoglobins	The oxygen-carrying proteins of ERYTHROCYTES. They are found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates. The number of globin subunits in the hemoglobin quaternary structure differs between species. Structures range from monomeric to a variety of multimeric arrangements.	Eryhem,Ferrous Hemoglobin,Hemoglobin,Hemoglobin, Ferrous
D006898	Hydroxylamines	Organic compounds that contain the (-NH2OH) radical.
D000627	Aminophenols	Phenols substituted in any position by an amino group.	Hydroxyanilines
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012977	Sodium Nitrite	Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.	Nitrite, Sodium
D017208	Rats, Wistar	A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.	Wistar Rat,Rat, Wistar,Wistar Rats