Over a period of 11 years, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was performed in 47 patients with post-transplantation renal artery stenosis. In 42 of 47 patients (89%) PTA was technically successful. Complications or technical failure (n = 5) were observed in the beginning of the series and were due to technical problems. Within a five-year follow-up period in 33 patients, blood pressure (BP) remained constant in 18% and mean pressure was improved in 48%. In 33%, normal BP was reached without any need for medication. Systolic and diastolic BP were reduced from 175.9/105.7 (mean values) before PTA to 146.9/91.0 six months after PTA. Depending upon the initial value, serum creatinine was reduced after PTA by from 0.0 to 1.0 mg/dl with noticeable difference between individual values. An account of this effect, renal function was of reduced value for controlling the effectiveness of PTA. The morphology of the stenoses corresponded only partially with the clinical results: in five patients mean BP after successful PTA remained constant, while two patients with reduced therapeutic result (remaining stenosis > 30%) had either markedly improved BP (n = 1) or normal BP (n = 1). The technical improvement of PTA instrumentation has broadened the spectrum of indications and improved the safety of the procedure.