Biomaterial Database

Varieties and distribution of non-pyramidal cells in the somatic sensory cortex of the squirrel monkey. 1975

E G Jones

The morphology and distribution of cells which do not conform to the conventional pyramidal pattern have been investigated in rapid Golgi, Golgi-Kopsch and Golgi-Cox preparations from cortical areas 3, 1 and 2 of juvenile and mature squirrel monkeys. The material has been analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by means of a computer program which permits cells to be rotated so as to display their three-dimensional architecture. Nine non-pyramidal types are identified of which one is a rare giant cell and another, forming a major proportion of the cells in layer VI, is considered to be a modified form of pyramidal cell. Of the other seven types, two have horizontally distributed axons, one essentially confined to layer II, the other sending long (up to 1 mm) branches anter-posteriorly through all layers. Two types have vertical axons. One, corresponding to the "double bouquet dendritique" cell of Cajal, is mainly situated in layer II or the upper part of layer III and has a cluster of large axon branches which descend to layers IV and V and which enclose and terminate on the apical dendrites of pyramidal cells. The other type is the only non-pyramidal cell which has a relatively high concentration of dendritic spines in the adult animal. Its soma lies in layer IV and it has several strongly recurrent, thick axonal branches ascending to layer II, also enclosing the apical dendrites of pyramidal cells. The dendritic field is not truly stellate but is drawn out into a pronounced ascending tuft which ascends into layer IIIb. The cell thus resembles a "star-pyramid" of Lorente de Nó. Nevertheless such cells have many features, notably the distribution of their axons and the distribution of dendritic spines which are identical to those of the well-known "spiny stellate" cell of the visual cortex. Conversely the same features both in these cells and in the spiny stellate cells of the visual cortex (which were also eamined) differ markedly from those of small pyramidal cells with somata of similar dimensions. The three remaining non-pyramida cell types have locally ramifying axons which appear to terminate predominantly on pyramidal cells. In one, the axon forms smoothly curving arcades in layer III, in another it is intensely tangled in layer IV and in the third it is bush-like in layers II-IV. continued.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009434	Neural Pathways	Neural tracts connecting one part of the nervous system with another.	Neural Interconnections,Interconnection, Neural,Interconnections, Neural,Neural Interconnection,Neural Pathway,Pathway, Neural,Pathways, Neural
D009474	Neurons	The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.	Nerve Cells,Cell, Nerve,Cells, Nerve,Nerve Cell,Neuron
D000367	Age Factors	Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.	Age Reporting,Age Factor,Factor, Age,Factors, Age
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000882	Haplorhini	A suborder of PRIMATES consisting of six families: CEBIDAE (some New World monkeys), ATELIDAE (some New World monkeys), CERCOPITHECIDAE (Old World monkeys), HYLOBATIDAE (gibbons and siamangs), CALLITRICHINAE (marmosets and tamarins), and HOMINIDAE (humans and great apes).	Anthropoidea,Monkeys,Anthropoids,Monkey
D013003	Somatosensory Cortex	Area of the parietal lobe concerned with receiving sensations such as movement, pain, pressure, position, temperature, touch, and vibration. It lies posterior to the central sulcus.	Brodmann Area 1,Brodmann Area 2,Brodmann Area 3,Brodmann Areas 1, 2, 3,Brodmann Areas 1, 2, and 3,Brodmann Areas 3, 1, 2,Brodmann Areas 3, 1, and 2,Brodmann's Area 1,Brodmann's Area 2,Brodmann's Area 3,Brodmann's Areas 1, 2, and 3,Brodmann's Areas 3, 1, and 2,Parietal-Opercular Cortex,Primary Somesthetic Area,S1 Cortex,S2 Cortex,SII Cortex,Anterior Parietal Cortex,Gyrus Postcentralis,Post Central Gyrus,Postcentral Gyrus,Primary Somatic Sensory Area,Primary Somatosensory Area,Primary Somatosensory Areas,Primary Somatosensory Cortex,SI Cortex,Second Somatic Sensory Area,Secondary Sensory Cortex,Secondary Somatosensory Area,Secondary Somatosensory Cortex,Area 1, Brodmann,Area 1, Brodmann's,Area 2, Brodmann,Area 2, Brodmann's,Area 3, Brodmann,Area 3, Brodmann's,Area, Primary Somatosensory,Area, Primary Somesthetic,Area, Secondary Somatosensory,Areas, Primary Somatosensory,Brodmanns Area 1,Brodmanns Area 2,Brodmanns Area 3,Cortex, Anterior Parietal,Cortex, Parietal-Opercular,Cortex, Primary Somatosensory,Cortex, S1,Cortex, S2,Cortex, SI,Cortex, SII,Cortex, Secondary Sensory,Cortex, Secondary Somatosensory,Cortex, Somatosensory,Gyrus, Post Central,Gyrus, Postcentral,Parietal Cortex, Anterior,Parietal Opercular Cortex,Parietal-Opercular Cortices,Primary Somatosensory Cortices,Primary Somesthetic Areas,S1 Cortices,S2 Cortices,SII Cortices,Secondary Somatosensory Areas,Sensory Cortex, Secondary,Somatosensory Area, Primary,Somatosensory Area, Secondary,Somatosensory Areas, Primary,Somatosensory Cortex, Primary,Somatosensory Cortex, Secondary,Somesthetic Area, Primary,Somesthetic Areas, Primary