Biomaterial Database

[Total count and bacterial flora of minced meat with special reference to enterobacteria and pseudomonads (author's transl)]. 1975

A Kleeberger, and M Busse

The bacterial flora of minced meat is dominated by Micrococcaceae. In addition lactobacilli, pseudomonads, and enterobacteria are present in high numbers. The most important groups of spoiled meat are lactobacilli and pseudomonads. Enterobacteria develop predominantly at higher spoilage temperatures (15 degrees C). A more detailed study was conducted on 1076 cultures of enterobacteria and 915 cultures of pseudomonads. The main groups of enterobacteria found on minced meat are Enterobacter liquefacines, Erwinia, Citrobacter and Klebsiella. In spoiled meat E. liquefaciens and Erwinia predominate. Basicly, however, the enterobacteria flora of fresh and spoiled meat is rather similar. The same applies to the pseudomonads flora which at a rate of 60-70% consists of Pseudomonads fragi. The total count of minced meat is subject to large variations.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007778	Lactobacillus	A genus of gram-positive, microaerophilic, rod-shaped bacteria occurring widely in nature. Its species are also part of the many normal flora of the mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina of many mammals, including humans. Lactobacillus species are homofermentative and ferment a broad spectrum of carbohydrates often host-adapted but do not ferment PENTOSES. Most members were previously assigned to the Lactobacillus delbrueckii group. Pathogenicity from this genus is rare.
D008460	Meat	The edible portions of any animal used for food including cattle, swine, goats/sheep, poultry, fish, shellfish, and game.	Meats
D008837	Micrococcus	A genus of gram-positive, spherical bacteria found in soils and fresh water, and frequently on the skin of man and other animals.
D011548	Pseudomonadaceae	A family of gram-negative bacteria usually found in soil or water and including many plant pathogens and a few animal pathogens.	Azomonas,Azomonas agilis,Azotobacteraceae
D004755	Enterobacteriaceae	A family of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that do not form endospores. Its organisms are distributed worldwide with some being saprophytes and others being plant and animal parasites. Many species are of considerable economic importance due to their pathogenic effects on agriculture and livestock.	Coliform Bacilli,Enterobacteria,Ewingella,Leclercia,Paracolobactrum,Sodalis
D005516	Food Microbiology	The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food and food products. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms: the presence of various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi in cheeses and wines, for example, is included in this concept.	Microbiology, Food
D005860	Germany, West	The former Federal Republic of Germany which was reunified with the former German Democratic Republic in 1990.	Federal Republic of Germany,Germany, Federal Republic of
D006088	Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria	A large group of aerobic bacteria which show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method. This is because the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria are low in peptidoglycan and thus have low affinity for violet stain and high affinity for the pink dye safranine.	Achromatiaceae,Achromatium,Achromobacteriaceae,Gram Negative Aerobic Bacteria
D001419	Bacteria	One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.	Eubacteria
D013210	Staphylococcus	A genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, coccoid bacteria. Its organisms occur singly, in pairs, and in tetrads and characteristically divide in more than one plane to form irregular clusters. Natural populations of Staphylococcus are found on the skin and mucous membranes of warm-blooded animals. Some species are opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals.

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