The ventricular endocardial electrogram and pacemaker sensing. 1977

S Furman, and P Hurzeler, and V DeCaprio

During cardiac pacemaker implantation and pulse generator replacement, unipolar, right ventricular electrograms were recorded from 133 patients (77 at implantation and 56 at pulse generator replacement) at 200 mm. per second with a band pass of 0.1 to 2,000 Hz on photographic paper. Each signal was analyzed for electrogram structure, peak-to-peak voltage deflection, ST-segment displacement, and maximum voltage deflection/time (slew rate [dv/dt]). The QRS designation of the peripheral electrocardiogram was used for the endocardial electrogram wave forms, which are sufficiently similar to allow QRS terminology to be used. Of the acute electrograms (at implantation) 58 per cent had a small Q followed by an R wave which was 10 per cent or more of the S amplitude; 30 per cent had an R wave less than 10 per cent of the S; all had a straight line segment, within the QRS complex, exhibiting maximum amplitude and slew rate and a large ST-segment elevation. In 12 per cent the Q was followed by an R wave only. The mean voltage was 12.4 mv. +/- 5.5, the slew rate mean 2.9 v. per second +/- 1.5, and the ST displacement 4.0 mv. +/- 2.6. All chronic (over 6 months after implantation) electrograms but one had no ST-segment elevation, and all had an inverted T wave and a straight line segment extending from the highest to the lowest peaks of the QRS complex. The chronic voltage amplitude is 15 per cent lower and the slew rate 41 per cent lower than that of the acute electrogram. The margin of amplitude and slew rate required at implantation to maintain adequate postimplant sensing must accommodate these changes. The possibility of satisfactory pacing threshold associated with poor sensing exists. Knowledge of the amplitude and slew rate allows the determination of the optimal position for electrode placement and the sensitivity required for satisfactory pulse generator selection, design, and operation.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D010138 Pacemaker, Artificial A device designed to stimulate, by electric impulses, contraction of the heart muscles. It may be temporary (external) or permanent (internal or internal-external). Cardiac Pacemaker, Artificial,Artificial Cardiac Pacemaker,Artificial Cardiac Pacemakers,Artificial Pacemaker,Artificial Pacemakers,Cardiac Pacemakers, Artificial,Pacemaker, Artificial Cardiac,Pacemakers, Artificial,Pacemakers, Artificial Cardiac
D004562 Electrocardiography Recording of the moment-to-moment electromotive forces of the HEART as projected onto various sites on the body's surface, delineated as a scalar function of time. The recording is monitored by a tracing on slow moving chart paper or by observing it on a cardioscope, which is a CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY. 12-Lead ECG,12-Lead EKG,12-Lead Electrocardiography,Cardiography,ECG,EKG,Electrocardiogram,Electrocardiograph,12 Lead ECG,12 Lead EKG,12 Lead Electrocardiography,12-Lead ECGs,12-Lead EKGs,12-Lead Electrocardiographies,Cardiographies,ECG, 12-Lead,EKG, 12-Lead,Electrocardiograms,Electrocardiographies, 12-Lead,Electrocardiographs,Electrocardiography, 12-Lead
D004699 Endocardium The innermost layer of the heart, comprised of endothelial cells. Endocardiums
D006327 Heart Block Impaired conduction of cardiac impulse that can occur anywhere along the conduction pathway, such as between the SINOATRIAL NODE and the right atrium (SA block) or between atria and ventricles (AV block). Heart blocks can be classified by the duration, frequency, or completeness of conduction block. Reversibility depends on the degree of structural or functional defects. Auriculo-Ventricular Dissociation,A-V Dissociation,Atrioventricular Dissociation,A V Dissociation,A-V Dissociations,Atrioventricular Dissociations,Auriculo Ventricular Dissociation,Auriculo-Ventricular Dissociations,Block, Heart,Blocks, Heart,Dissociation, A-V,Dissociation, Atrioventricular,Dissociation, Auriculo-Ventricular,Dissociations, A-V,Dissociations, Atrioventricular,Dissociations, Auriculo-Ventricular,Heart Blocks
D006331 Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities. Cardiac Disorders,Heart Disorders,Cardiac Diseases,Cardiac Disease,Cardiac Disorder,Heart Disease,Heart Disorder
D006352 Heart Ventricles The lower right and left chambers of the heart. The right ventricle pumps venous BLOOD into the LUNGS and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic arterial circulation. Cardiac Ventricle,Cardiac Ventricles,Heart Ventricle,Left Ventricle,Right Ventricle,Left Ventricles,Right Ventricles,Ventricle, Cardiac,Ventricle, Heart,Ventricle, Left,Ventricle, Right,Ventricles, Cardiac,Ventricles, Heart,Ventricles, Left,Ventricles, Right
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man

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