Biomaterial Database

Microbial models of mammalian metabolism O-demethylations of papaverine. 1977

J P Rosazza, and M Kammer, and L Youel

1. Papaverine is converted to its 4'-, 6- and 7-desmethyl metabolites when incubated with hepatic microsomal preparations from phenobarbital-induced rats. The 7-desmethyl compound was predominantly formed in these studes. When incubated with guinea-pig microsomal preparations, papaverine was converted to its 6- and 4'-desmethyl metabolites in approximately equal amounts. 2. The O-demethylation of papaverine was studied with sixty micro-organisms. Ten organisms (including Aspergillus Cunninghamella and Streptomyces species) were found to actively metabolize this drug in a manner similar to that of mammals. 3. A strain of Aspergillus alliaceus was used to produce gram quantitites of the mammalian metabolite, 6-desmethylpapaverine. Preparative amounts of 4'-desmethylpapaverine, a major mammalian metabolite of papaverine in vivo, was produced with a strain of Cunninghamella echinulata.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D008862	Microsomes, Liver	Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. They may be smooth or rough.	Liver Microsomes,Liver Microsome,Microsome, Liver
D008954	Models, Biological	Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.	Biological Model,Biological Models,Model, Biological,Models, Biologic,Biologic Model,Biologic Models,Model, Biologic
D010208	Papaverine	An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.	Cerespan,Papaverine Hydrochloride,Pavabid,Pavatym,Hydrochloride, Papaverine
D003640	Dealkylation	The removing of alkyl groups from a compound. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)	Dealkylations
D005658	Fungi	A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.	Fungi, Filamentous,Molds,Filamentous Fungi,Filamentous Fungus,Fungus,Fungus, Filamentous,Mold
D006168	Guinea Pigs	A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.	Cavia,Cavia porcellus,Guinea Pig,Pig, Guinea,Pigs, Guinea
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D051381	Rats	The common name for the genus Rattus.	Rattus,Rats, Laboratory,Rats, Norway,Rattus norvegicus,Laboratory Rat,Laboratory Rats,Norway Rat,Norway Rats,Rat,Rat, Laboratory,Rat, Norway,norvegicus, Rattus