Biomaterial Database

Analysis of fetal and neonatal urine using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 1995

P J Foxall, and S Bewley, and G H Neild, and C H Rodeck, and J K Nicholson

Department of Chemistry, Birkbeck College, University of London.

OBJECTIVE To use high field proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) to characterise the low molecular weight metabolite composition of neonatal and fetal urine in relation to gestational age and perinatal outcome. METHODS The first urine passed by two neonatal groups, six full term and five preterm infants with normal renal function, was analysed by 1H NMR and compared with fetal urine from 14 cases with obstructive uropathy. RESULTS The mean ratios of taurine, myo-inositol, and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) to creatinine were 4.3, 10.1, and 14.1 times higher, respectively, in the preterm group when compared with those of the full term group. Fetal obstructive uropathy was characterised by glycosuria, amino and organic aciduria, regardless of gestational age (13-30 weeks). CONCLUSIONS Samples of the first urine passed--that is, urine produced in fetal life--by normal preterm infants are useful controls for cases of obstructive uropathy detected in the third trimester. 1H NMR will become a clinically useful tool for monitoring renal development and abnormalities in utero.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007231	Infant, Newborn	An infant during the first 28 days after birth.	Neonate,Newborns,Infants, Newborn,Neonates,Newborn,Newborn Infant,Newborn Infants
D009682	Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy	Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).	In Vivo NMR Spectroscopy,MR Spectroscopy,Magnetic Resonance,NMR Spectroscopy,NMR Spectroscopy, In Vivo,Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,Spectroscopy, Magnetic Resonance,Spectroscopy, NMR,Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopies,Magnetic Resonance, Nuclear,NMR Spectroscopies,Resonance Spectroscopy, Magnetic,Resonance, Magnetic,Resonance, Nuclear Magnetic,Spectroscopies, NMR,Spectroscopy, MR
D005333	Fetus	The unborn young of a viviparous mammal, in the postembryonic period, after the major structures have been outlined. In humans, the unborn young from the end of the eighth week after CONCEPTION until BIRTH, as distinguished from the earlier EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.	Fetal Structures,Fetal Tissue,Fetuses,Mummified Fetus,Retained Fetus,Fetal Structure,Fetal Tissues,Fetus, Mummified,Fetus, Retained,Structure, Fetal,Structures, Fetal,Tissue, Fetal,Tissues, Fetal
D005865	Gestational Age	The age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of FERTILIZATION. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated from the onset of the last MENSTRUATION which is about 2 weeks before OVULATION and fertilization. It is also estimated to begin from fertilization, estrus, coitus, or artificial insemination.	Embryologic Age,Fetal Maturity, Chronologic,Chronologic Fetal Maturity,Fetal Age,Maturity, Chronologic Fetal,Age, Embryologic,Age, Fetal,Age, Gestational,Ages, Embryologic,Ages, Fetal,Ages, Gestational,Embryologic Ages,Fetal Ages,Gestational Ages
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D006859	Hydrogen	The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.	Protium,Hydrogen-1
D014556	Urine	Liquid by-product of excretion produced in the kidneys, temporarily stored in the bladder until discharge through the URETHRA.
D014570	Urologic Diseases	Pathological processes of the URINARY TRACT in both males and females.	Urinary Tract Diseases,Urological Diseases,Disease, Urinary Tract,Disease, Urologic,Disease, Urological,Diseases, Urinary Tract,Diseases, Urologic,Diseases, Urological,Urinary Tract Disease,Urologic Disease,Urological Disease