Endemic fluorosis is prevalent in China covering 29 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. The endemically affected areas can be divided, according to the sources of fluoride, into three types: high fluoride water, pollution from coal burning, and drinking brick tea in excess. Since the 1960's, several pilot surveys of the disease have been made and control programmes carried out in some of the areas. An Expert Consultation Committee on Endemic Fluorosis Control of the Ministry of Public Health was formally established in 1979. A national survey programme and series of working criteria for the disease were drawn up at the First National Congress of Endemic Fluorosis Control in 1981. Under the Central Government of China, administrative organizations and institutions concerned at all levels have been set up, forming a nation-wide network of control. Cooperation and coordination among such departments as health, water conservancy, geology and finance have been achieved in the planning and implementation of control programmes. Since 1980, many projects for improving drinking water quality through de-fluoridation have been completed. At the same time, new methods and technologies for improving stove and grain baking have become widely used in some of the areas where environmental fluoride pollution exists from burning coal. After all the control programmes had been introduced, the incidence of the illness was reduced with some patients making a complete recovery.